Skip to main content
. 2022 Jul 20;14(7):505. doi: 10.3390/toxins14070505

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of Thai D. siamensis monovalent antivenom (Thai DsMAV) on D. siamensis venom (10 µg/mL) induced neurotoxicity in the chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparation. Effects of venom, in the presence and absence of antivenom, on (a) indirect twitches and (b) contractile responses to exogenous agonists; ACh (1 mM), CCh (20 µM), and KCl (40 mM). (a) * p < 0.05, significantly different to the vehicle control; # p < 0.05, significantly different to venom in the absence of antivenom, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. (b) * p < 0.05, significantly different to the pre-venom response, paired t-test; # p < 0.05, significantly different to venom in the absence of antivenom, one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. N = 5, where n is the number of preparations from different animals.