Table 5.
Antiviral TCM and the antiviral mechanisms/targets.
| Antiviral Drugs | Mechanisms/Targets | Virus | IC50/EC50 Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artemisinin and lumefantrine | Early proteins | SARS-CoV-2, HCV | - | [94,95,96,97,98] |
| PR | - | HIV-1, HBV, HRSV, PEDV | - | [102,103,104,105,106] |
| Q7R | Initial stage of infection | PEDV | IC50 = 0.014 μg/mL | [107] |
| CEP | S protein | SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, SARS-CoV | EC50 = 0.98 μM | [108,109,110,111,112] |
| Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. | Enhanced antioxidant activity | PEDV, IV, CV, RSV, HSV, HAdVs | - | [116,117,118] |
| Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendron cortex, and Sophira subsprata Radix | - | MHV, VSV, PEDV | EC50 = 2.0 to 27.5 μg/mL | [119] |