Table 2.

Characteristics of studies regarding comparison in various cognition between migraine group and no migraine group

Study	Study type	Type of migraine	Study location	Sample size	Age (years)	Gender (male%)	Disease duration (years)	Attack frequency (times/year)	Duration of migraine attack (h)	Pain intensity (0–10)	Cognitive function
Zeitlin et al. 1984 [19]	Cross-sectional	migraine	UK	19/19	36.3	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Attention, executive function, memory
Jelicic et al. 2000 [12]	Cross-sectional	migraine	The Neth-erlands	99/ 1753	52.0	35%	NR	NR	NR	NR	Attention, memory
Calandre et al. 2002 [20]	Cross-sectional	migraine	Spain	60/30	37.8	36.7%	NR	NR	NR	NR	Executive function, attention, memory
Haverkamp et al. 2002 [21]	Cross-sectional	migraine	Germany	37/17	10	59.4%	NR	NR	NR	NR	Memory
Gaist et al. 2005 [11]	Cohort	MWoA and MwA	Denmark	536/857	56.4 (6.2)	29.8%	NR	NR	NR	NR	Executive function, language, memory, attention
Pearson et al. 2006 [13]	Cross-sectional	MWoA and MwA	UK	74/74	64.4	26%	NR	NR	NR	NR	Executive function, language
Camarda et al. 2007 [7]	Cross-sectional	MwA	Italy	45/90	33.6 (8.6)	31.1%	13.3 (7.7)	34.4 (20.3)	29.6 (20.9)	2.0 (0.8)	General cognitive function, executive function, language, attention
Kalaydjian et al. 2007 [22]	Cross-sectional	Migraine (MwA)	USA	204/1244	47.5 (12.5)	14.7%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function
Baars et al. 2010 [23]	Cohort	migraine	the Netherlands	99/ 1724	47.1 (12.9)	36.4%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function, executive function, memory
Rist et al. 2011 [24]	Cross-sectional	migraine	France	167/ 938	69.0 (2.9)	15.0%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function, attention, executive function, memory
Martins et al. 2012 [25]	Cross-sectional	migraine	Portugal	61/367	61.9	8.19%	NR	NR	NR	NR	memory
Rist et al. 2012 [26]	Cohort	MWoA and MwA	USA	MWoA 248/ MwA 195/ HC 5496	MWoA 65.3 (3.6)/ MwA 65.9 (3.9)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	language, executive function
Santangelo et al. 2016 [27]	Cross-sectional	MWoA	Italy	72/72	34.9 ± 11.2	12.5%	15.1 ± 11.6	73.2	NR	NR	General cognitive function, executive function, language, attention, memory
Wang et al. 2016 [28]	Cross-sectional	migraine	China	MV 40/ Simple migraine 40/40	MV 42.7 ± 13.3/ Simple migraine 42.2 ± 15.4	MV 40%/ Simple migraine 45%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function, executive function, attention, memory
Wen et al. 2016 [10]	Cross-sectional	migraine	The Netherlands	1021/5399	63.8 (11.1)	18.7%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function
Huang et al. 2017 [29]	Cross-sectional	migraine	China	34/24	36.065 ± 10.046	NR	11.25 ± 9.290	42.384	23.4 ± 24.197	6.383 ± 1.670	General cognitive function, executive function, attention, memory, language, visuospatial function
Lo et al. 2017 [30]	Cross-sectional	MWoA and MwA	Italy	14/14/14	MwA 41.28 ± 13.44 MWoA 40.75 ± 11.82	NR	MwA 10.9 ± 3.7 MWoA 12.3 ± 5.8	MwA 60.6 MWoA 72.84	MwA 3.58 ± 2.27 MWoA 4.21 ± 2.99	NR	Attention, language, memory, executive functions
Ferreira et al. 2018 [31]	Cross-sectional	CM	Brazil	30/30	33.7	4.3%	NR	144	NR	8.5	General cognitive function, executive function, attention, memory, language, visuospatial function
Tunç et al. 2018 [32]	Cross-sectional	migraine	Turkey	100/80	36.7 ±  9.4	9%	7.4 ± 7.1	43.2	NR	NR	General cognitive function, attention, memory, language, visuospatial function
Baschi et al. 2019 [33]	Cross-sectional	MWoA	Italy	21/21	29 (4.32)	42.8%	8.57 (3.69)	39.12	NR	NR	Visuospatial memory, Verbal memory, Attention, Executive functions
Karami et al. 2019 [34]	Cross-sectional	migraine	Iran	30/31	25.33	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	memory
Martins et al. 2020 [35]	Cohort	migraine	Portugal	35/214	61.1 ± 7.4	6%	NR	NR	NR	NR	General cognitive function, executive function, memory

Abbreviations: CM chronic migraine, MwA migraine with aura, MWoA migraine without aura, NR not reported, PIQ performance intelligent quotient, TIQ total intelligence quotient, UK United Kingdom, USA United States, VIQ verbal intelligence quotient