Table 4.
Methods for analysis of mycotoxins bioaccessibility in cereal-based food for infants and children.
| Matrix | Mycotoxin | Digestion Model | Extraction | Detection Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant formula | AFB1 OTA |
Static in vitro digestion model: Oral phase (KCl/KSCN/NaH2PO4/NaSO4/NaCl/NaHCO3/urea/a-amylase/uric acid/mucin) Gastric phase (NaCl/NaH2PO4/KCl/CaCl2/NH4Cl/HCl/glucose/glucuronic acid/urea/glucosamine hydrochloride/BSA/pepsin/mucin) Intestinal phase (NaCl/NaHCO3/KCl/HCl/urea/CaCl2(2H2O)/BSA/bile) |
Phosphoric acid/chloroform + IAC AflaOchra HPLCTM | HPLC-FD | Kabak et al., 2009 [60] |
| Commercial pasta | DON | Static in vitro digestion model: Oral phase (KCl/KSCN/NaH2PO4/NaSO4/NaCl/NaHCO3/urea/a-amylase)Gastric phase (HCl/pepsin) Intestinal phase (NaHCO3/pancreatin/bile salts/H2O) |
ACN:water (84:16; v/v) | LC-MS/MS | Raiola et al., 2012 [59] |
| Breakfast cereals Cookies Breads |
ENA ENA1 ENB ENB1 |
Static in vitro digestion model: Oral phase (KCl/KSCN/NaH2PO4/NaSO4/NaCl/NaHCO3/urea/a-amylase) Gastric phase (HCl/pepsin) Intestinal phase (NaHCO3/pancreatin/bile salts/H2O) |
Ethyl acetate | LC-DAD | Prosperini et al., 2013 [61] |
| Cereal-based food | PAT | Static in vitro digestion model: Oral phase (KCl/KH2PO4/NaHCO3/MgCl2(H2O)6/(NH4)2CO3) Gastric phase (KCl/KH2PO4/NaHCO3/NaCl/MgCl2(H2O)6/(NH4)2CO3/pepsin) Intestinal phase (KCl/KH2PO4/NaHCO3/NaCl/MgCl2(H2O)6/pancreatin/bile) |
Ethyl acetate + sodium sulphate + sodium hydrogenocarbonate + SPE column | RP-HPLC-UV | Assunção et al., 2016 [46] |
| OTA | MeOH:water (80:20) + IAC AflaOchra | RP-HPLC-FD |
AFB1—Aflatoxin B1; DON—Deoxynivalenol; ENA—Enniatin A; ENA1—Enniatin A1; ENB—Enniatin B; ENB1—Enniatin B1; OTA—Ochratoxin; PAT—Patulin; ACN—Acetonitrile; HPLC-FD —High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector; HPLC-UV—High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector; IAC—Immunoaffinity columns; LC-DAD—Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector; LC-MS/MS—Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; RP—Reverse-phase; SPE—Solid-phase extraction.