Table 1.
Examples of AMPs in clinical practice and/or clinical and pre-clinical evaluation.
| Name | Structure | Antimicrobial Activity |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Approved AMPs | |||
| Gramicidin D | Linear peptide isoforms with 15 residues (VGLAVVVWLWLWLWG) |
Gram-positive bacteria | [48] |
| Gramicidin S | Cyclic decapeptide (cyclo[LFPVOrnLFPVOrn]) |
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi | [48] |
| Polymyxins | Lipopeptides with a cationic cycle and a tripeptide chain N-acylated by a fatty acid tail | Gram-negative bacteria | [49] |
| Daptomycin | Cyclic branched 13-mer lipopeptide | (Methicillin-resistant-) Gram-positive bacteria | [22,50] |
| AMPs in clinical and pre-clinical evaluation | |||
| Omiganan | Linear 12-mer cationic peptide (ILRWPWWPWRRK-NH2) |
Fungi | [51] |
| Pexiganan (MSI-78) | Linear 22-mer cationic peptide (GIGKFLKKAKKFGKAFVKILKK-NH2) |
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi | [52,53] |
| Nisin (e.g., Nisin A) | Linear 34-mer cationic peptide (ITSISLCTPGCKTGALMGCNMKTATCHCSIHVSK) |
Gram-positive bacteria | [52] |
| DPK-060 | Linear 20-mer cationic peptide (GKHKNKGKKNGKHNGWKWWW) |
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria | [54] |
| Human cathelicidin (LL-37) | Linear 37-mer peptide (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES) |
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi | [55,56,57] |
| PXL01 | Lactoferrin-derived peptide formulated in sodium hyaluronate | Adhesion inhibition | [58] |