Table 1.

Cephalometric points considered in the study.

Sella	S	Midpoint of the sella turcica
Nasion	N	Most anterior point of the frontonasal suture
Point A	A	Deepest anterior point on the maxilla anterior concavity
Point B	B	Deepest anterior point on the mandibular symphysis
Porion	Po	Most superior point on the external auditory meatus
Pogonion	Pg	Most anterior point on the mandibular symphysis
Pterion	Pt	Most posterior superior point on the pterygomaxillary fissure
Orbitale	Or	Most inferior point on the lower border of the bony orbit
Basion	Ba	Most anterior-inferior point on the foramen magnum
Articulare	Ar	Most posterior point on the condylar neck
Gonion	Go	Point of intersection between the mandibular plane and the tangent line to the posterior mandibular border
Menton	Me	Most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis
Anterior nasal spine	ANS	Most anterior point of the hard palate
Posterior nasal spine	PNS	Most posterior point of the hard palate
Condilo	Co	Most superior point on the condylar head
Sigmoid incision	Sg	Deepest point on the sigmoid incision
Anterior occlusal point	OCLA	Midpoint of the segment joining the upper incisal point to the lower one
Posterior occlusal point	OCLP	Midpoint of the occlusal surface of the first permanent molars
Hyoid	H	Most anterior-superior point on the hyoid bone
Upper posterior airway space	SPAS	Thickness of the airway behind the soft palate along a line parallel to the Go-point B plane
Posterior airway space	PAS:	Linear distance between a point at the base of the tongue and another point on the posterior wall of the pharynx, both measured by the extension of a line from point B to point Go
Mandibular plane	MP	Plane tangent to the lower edge of the mandible passing through Go and Me
Cervical vertebra	C3	Most anteroinferior point of the third cervical vertebra
Uvula apex	P	Inferior tip of the uvula