Table 2.

Major roles of epitranscriptomic factors in HIV-1 infection.

Modification	Gene Symbol	Role in HIV-1 Infection	Refs
m6A	METTL3,METTL14	High expression promotes viral replication.	[136,138]
	YTDHF1-3	Controversial	[42,131,137]
m1A	TRMT6	necessary for virus replication	[139]
m5C	NSUN2	Mediates m5C of the HIV-1 RNA genome and facilitates viral protein synthesis.	[140]
	NOP2	Mediates m5C methylation of HIV-1 TAR and interferes with pre-transcription.	[141]
m7G	PIMT	Hypermethylation of m7G-cap by PIMT significantly promotes infectious virus production.	[142,143]
m6Am	PCIF1	Inhibit viral replication, limit HIV infection.	[144]
Ψ	Unknown	Unknown
Nm	FTSJ3	Increase viral replication	[145]
ac4C	NAT10	Promote the expression of viral genes.	[146]