Table 1:
Characteristics of mothers and children included in the analysis, by 3-year clinical outcome, from the CHARGE cohort (N=627)
| Typical Development N=237 |
Autism Spectrum Disorder N= 224 |
Developmental Delay N=81 |
Other early concerns or high risk N=85 |
Mean MEPB (ng/ml) | Association with ln MEPB p-valuea | Outcome p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Freq (%) | Freq (%) | Freq (%) | Freq (%) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Sex | 0.680 | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 193 (81.43) | 181 (80.80) | 60 (74.07) | 50 (58.82) | 568.0 | ||
| Female | 44 (18.57) | 43 (19.20) | 21 (25.93) | 35 (41.18) | 389.9 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Race | 0.010 | 0.140 | |||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 128 (54.01) | 106 (47.32) | 32 (39.51) | 41 (48.24) | 416.6 | ||
| Non-White (non-Hispanic) | 46 (19.41) | 55 (24.55) | 16 (19.75) | 15 (17.65) | 904.7 | ||
| Hispanic (any race) | 63 (26.58) | 63 (28.13) | 33 (40.74) | 29 (34.12) | 443.5 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Highest education in household | 0.756 | <0.001 | |||||
| High school diploma/GED or less | 6 (2.53) | 28 (12.50) | 18 (22.22) | 10 (11.76) | 760.2 | ||
| Some college (inc. vocational, 2 yr degree) | 82 (34.60) | 62 (27.68) | 28 (34.57) | 31 (36.47) | 606.5 | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 90 (37.97) | 81 (36.16) | 26 (32.10) | 28 (32.94) | 440.3 | ||
| Graduate or professional degree | 59 (24.89) | 53 (23.66) | 9 (6.57) | 16 (18.82) | 448.0 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Homeowner | 0.154 | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 57 (24.05) | 73 (32.59) | 36 (44.44) | 38 (44.71) | 706.4 | ||
| Yes | 180 (75.95) | 151 (67.41) | 45 (55.56) | 47 (55.29) | 441.1 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Prenatal Vitamin Use in 3 months before or during 1st month of pregnancy (31 Missing) | 0.473 | 0.190 | |||||
| No | 67 (29.13) | 74 (34.58) | 32 (41.56) | 22 (29.33) | 431.7 | ||
| Yes | 163 (70.87) | 140 (65.42) | 45 (58.44) | 53 (70.67) | 537.7 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Maternal metabolic conditions | 0.074 | 0.006 | |||||
| Healthy weight and no metabolic conditions | 119 (50.21) | 101 (45.09) | 31 (38.27) | 39 (45.88) | 508.9 | ||
| Overweight and no metabolic conditions | 58 (24.47) | 43 (19.20) | 18 (22.22) | 10 (11.76) | 519.7 | ||
| Obese and no other metabolic conditions | 34 (14.35) | 30 (13.39) | 15 (18.52) | 10 (11.76) | 566.8 | ||
| Any hypertensive disorder or diabetes at any BMI | 26 (10.97) | 50 (22.32) | 17 (20.99) | 26 (30.59) | 551.4 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Mother’s birthplace | 0.557 | 0.024 | |||||
| USA | 202 (85.23) | 164 (73.21) | 64 (79.01) | 68 (80.00) | 565.4 | ||
| Mexico | 10 (4.22) | 18 (8.04) | 9 (11.11) | 8 (9.41) | 239.5 | ||
| Outside the US and Mexico | 25 (10.55) | 42 (18.75) | 8 (9.88) | 9 (10.59) | 456.6 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Child age at assessment (months) | 46.02 (9.04) | 48.67 (8.70) | 47.88 (7.99) | 48.00 (9.25) | 0.015 | 0.013 | |
|
| |||||||
| Child’s year of birth | 2006.5 (2.90) | 2007.3(3.22) | 2006.1 (2.73) | 2006.4 (2.87) | 0.172 | 0.006 | |
|
| |||||||
| Mother’s age at time of child’s birth (years) | 30.23 (5.27) | 30.67 (5.74) | 30.11 (6.41) | 31.00 (5.79) | 0.160 | 0.617 | |
|
| |||||||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 25.71 (5.46) | 26.40 (6.17) | 26.64 (6.23) | 27.35 (7.83) | 0.569 | 0.183 | |
a
For categorical variables with only two levels, p-values are shown from t-tests; for categorical characteristics with more than two levels, p-values are shown from ANOVA tests; for continuous characteristics, p-value are shown from univariate linear models.
b
For categorical charactertics, p-values are shown from Chi square test; for continuous charactertics, p-values are shown from univariate multinomial logistic models.