Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, compared with the control group.
| COVID-19 | p | Controls (n = 96) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 12) |
Severe (n = 57) |
||||
| Age, years | 56 (49–60) | 58 (50–62) | 0.49 | 53 (41–60) | 0.06 |
| Sex (male) | 7 (58%) | 38 (67%) | 0.58 | 18 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Systolic pressure | 125 (114–153) | 120 (108–132) | 0.14 | 115 (105, 123) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure | 76 (68–83) | 72 (69–81) | 0.76 | 79 (75–84) | 0.01 |
| COVID-19 clinical characteristics | |||||
| Duration of symptoms, days | 3.5 (1–4.5) | 10 (8–13) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Chest pain | 1 (8%) | 18 (32%) | 0.07 | - | - |
| Cough | 1 (8%) | 55 (96%) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 0 (0%) | 6 (11%) | 0.12 | - | - |
| Dyspnoea | 2 (17%) | 42 (74%) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Diarrhea | 0 (0%) | 8 (14%) | 0.07 | - | - |
| Headache | 1 (8%) | 10 (18%) | 0.40 | - | - |
| DVT/PE | 0 (0%) | 3 (5%) | 0.28 | - | - |
| ICU admission | 0 (0%) | 6 (11%) | 0.12 | - | - |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| HbA1c | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 0.18 | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | <0.001 |
| LDH (μkat/L) | 3.2 (2.4–4.1) | 5.0 (4.2–5.8) | <0.001 | 2.8 (2.5–3.3) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 196 (110–375) | 843 (456–1501) | 0.001 | 53 (27–98) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 21 (11–45) | 34 (21–57) | 0.17 | ? | |
| White blood cells (×109/L) | 7.7 (5.3–8.5) | 6.9 (4.7–8.5) | 0.43 | 7 (5–8.1) | 0.58 |
| RDW (%) | 14.3 (14.0–15.1) | 13.9 (13.3–14.3) | 0.06 | 13 (12–14) | <0.001 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 200 (175–278) | 263 (188–331) | 0.23 | 247 (194–317) | 0.87 |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.8 (1.1–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.09 | 2.1 (1.7–2.9) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | 742 (427–1117) | 711 (513–1388) | 0.68 | 86 (58–251) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | |||||
| Dexamethasone | 0 (0%) | 50 (88%) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Remdesivir | 0 (0%) | 25 (44%) | 0.003 | - | - |
| Antibiotic | 1 (8%) | 8 (14%) | 1.00 | - | - |
| Oxygen | 0 (0%) | 50 (88%) | <0.001 | - | - |
DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; RDW, red cell distribution width.