Table 2.
Baseline characteristics based on the presence of COVID-19 retinopathy.
| COVID-19 Retinopathy | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NO (n = 19) |
YES (n = 50) |
||
| Age, years | 57 (47–60) | 58 (50–63) | 0.31 |
| Sex (male) | 12 (63%) | 33 (66%) | 0.83 |
| Systolic pressure | 120 (111–130) | 121 (108–135) | 0.86 |
| Diastolic pressure | 74 (68–81) | 72 (67–83) | 0.93 |
| COVID-19 clinical characteristics | |||
| Duration of symptoms, days | 11.0 (6.5–15.0) | 9.0 (6.0–12.8) | 0.28 |
| Chest pain | 3 (16%) | 16 (32%) | 0.18 |
| Cough | 14 (74%) | 42 (84%) | 0.33 |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 1 (5%) | 5 (10%) | 1.00 |
| Dyspnoea | 11 (58%) | 33 (66%) | 0.53 |
| Diarrhea | 2 (11%) | 6 (12%) | 1.00 |
| Headache | 3 (16%) | 8 (16%) | 0.98 |
| DVT/PE | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) | 0.56 |
| ICU admission | 3 (16%) | 3 (6%) | 0.22 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| HbA1c | 5.50 (5.25–5.85) | 5.60 (5.40–5.90) | 0.31 |
| LDH (μkat/L) | 4.40 (3.08–5.18) | 4.80 (3.83–5.29) | 0.35 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 816 (310–1434) | 684 (374–1447) | 0.65 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 15 (5–27) | 38 (25–64) | <0.001 |
| White blood cells (×109/L) | 8.10 (7.20–10.30) | 6.60 (4.48–7.97) | 0.01 |
| RDW (%) | 13.90 (13.45–14.20) | 14.05 (13.55–14.55) | 0.64 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 289 (215–314) | 228 (165–347) | 0.30 |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.67 (1.07–2.03) | 1.15 (0.78–1.46) | 0.03 |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | 590 (474–932) | 746 (530–1438) | 0.21 |
| Treatment | |||
| Dexamethasone | 13 (68%) | 37 (74%) | 0.64 |
| Remdesivir | 10 (53%) | 15 (30%) | 0.08 |
| Antibiotic | 3 (16%) | 6 (12%) | 0.70 |
| Oxygen | 12 (63%) | 38 (76%) | 0.29 |
DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; RDW, red cell distribution width.