Table 3.
Results from logistic regression analyses on the association between change in work schedule and change in sleep quality, change in sleep duration, and turnover intention (n = 694).
| Crude Model | Adjusting for Background Variables a | Adjusting for Background Variables a and Other Changes in Work Schedule b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Any change in the work schedule due to the pandemic c | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 2.70 (1.70–4.29) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.67–4.32) | <0.001 | ||
| Reduced sleep duration | 4.51 (2.72–7.48) | <0.001 | 4.56 (2.71–7.65) | <0.001 | ||
| Turnover intention | 1.84 (1.16–2.93) | 0.010 | 1.96 (1.22–3.16) | 0.006 | ||
| Increase in long workdays (>8 h) | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 3.21 (1.54–6.66) | 0.002 | 3.30 (1.56–7.01) | 0.002 | 3.35 (1.21–9.33) | 0.200 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 3.74 (1.66–8.43) | 0.001 | 3.56 (1.56–8.13) | 0.003 | 1.26 (0.28–5.72) | 0.762 |
| Turnover intention | 3.74 (1.85–7.53) | <0.001 | 3.89 (1.91–7.91) | <0.001 | 4.37 (1.66–11.50) | 0.003 |
| Fewer days off between work periods | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 2.74 (1.26–5.98) | 0.011 | 2.75 (1.24–6.12) | 0.013 | 0.77 (0.09–6.37) | 0.805 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 5.03 (2.25–11.24) | <0.001 | 4.59 (2.03–10.42) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.15–10.13) | 0.858 |
| Turnover intention | 4.41 (2.13–9.15) | <0.001 | 4.75 (2.25–10.01) | <0.001 | 3.21 (0.74–13.97) | 0.121 |
| Increase in night shifts | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 5.15 (2.38–11.14) | <0.001 | 6.35 (2.83–14.26) | <0.001 | 1.66 (0.19–14.83) | 0.650 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 3.61 (1.46–8.92) | 0.005 | 3.94 (1.53–10.13) | 0.005 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.999 |
| Turnover intention | 2.58 (1.16–5.72) | 0.020 | 2.86 (1.26–6.52) | 0.012 | 1.10 (0.12–9.76) | 0.931 |
| Increase in quick returns | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 8.27 (4.03–16.98) | <0.001 | 11.35 (5.08–25.36) | <0.001 | 10.34 (1.91–56.09) | 0.007 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 8.13 (3.84–17.20) | <0.001 | 8.09 (3.64–17.96) | <0.001 | 1.69 (0.18–15.80) | 0.645 |
| Turnover intention | 4.19 (2.04–8.60) | <0.001 | 5.19 (2.42–11.12) | <0.001 | 8.49 (1.55–46.58) | 0.014 |
| Increase in day shifts | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 2.16 (0.68–6.86) | 0.193 | 2.37 (0.70–7.97) | 0.165 | 6.81 (0.86–54.27) | 0.070 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 3.89 (1.21–12.58) | 0.023 | 3.31 (0.99–11.09) | 0.052 | 2.96 (0.29–30.47) | 0.361 |
| Turnover intention | 0.69 (0.16–3.10) | 0.632 | 0.73 (0.16–3.36) | 0.689 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.999 |
| Increase in evening shifts | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 4.00 (1.92–8.32) | <0.001 | 4.47 (2.08–9.58) | <0.001 | 5.96 (0.93–38.43) | 0.060 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 2.95 (1.22–7.15) | 0.017 | 3.06 (1.24–7.56) | 0.016 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.999 |
| Turnover intention | 3.48 (1.70–7.13) | <0.001 | 3.92 (1.87–8.20) | <0.001 | 4.15 (0.65–26.75) | 0.134 |
| Increase in quick returns and/or night shifts | ||||||
| Worse sleep quality | 4.85 (2.59–9.09) | <0.001 | 6.20 (3.14–12.24) | <0.001 | 4.65 (1.29–16.75) | 0.019 |
| Reduced sleep duration | 3.94 (1.91–8.12) | <0.001 | 3.92 (1.83–8.42) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.10–7.23) | 0.895 |
| Turnover intention | 2.94 (1.55–5.58) | <0.001 | 3.44 (1.76–6.73) | <0.001 | 3.35 (0.94–11.93) | 0.062 |
Note. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. a Background variables include sex, age, cohabitation, children living in the household, percentage of full time equivalent. b Other changes in the work schedule include whether the nurses have had an increase in long workdays (more than 8 h), fewer days off between work periods, increase in night shifts, increase in quick returns, increase in evening shifts, or increase in day shifts. In the analysis of each of the specific work schedule changes, the model is adjusting for all the other respective shift changes. c The fully adjusted model for this regression is presented in Model 2.