(A) Effect of GAL/β-CD on mice body weight. No significant difference was detected in both dosage 20 mg kg−1 and 640 mg kg−1. Each value represents mean ± SEM. (B,C) Serum levels of liver and kidney function parameters in mice treated with GAL/β-CD. Liver enzymes: ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate transaminase. Kidney function parameters: uric acid. Urea kidney function parameters: creatinine. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ns, non-significant. (D,E) The relative weight and indices of spleen and thymus after oral administration with GAL/β-CD for 14 days by different doses (20 mg kg−1, 640 mg kg−1).