Table 2.
Factors associated with stress in school principals (n = 413).
Variables | Stress |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate | Multivariate | |||
B (95% CI) | p | B (95% CI) | p | |
Age, years | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | .605 | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | .208 |
Gender | ||||
Women | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Men | −0.62 (−1.53, 0.30) | .188 | −0.45 (−1.27, 0.38) | .286 |
School type | ||||
Primary school | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Junior high school | 0.53 (−0.58, 1.65) | .348 | −0.25 (−1.25, 0.76) | .632 |
Senior high school or vocational school | −0.18 (−1.46, 1.10) | .782 | 0.04 (−1.11, 1.19) | .948 |
School for special children | −1.37 (−4.40, 1.65) | .372 | −1.63 (−4.26, 1.00) | .225 |
School geography | ||||
North | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Centre | 0.29 (−0.82, 1.40) | .606 | 0.11 (−0.87, 1.09) | .825 |
South | 0.68 (−0.58, 1.94) | .289 | 0.54 (−0.59, 1.66) | .351 |
East | 0.37 (−1.21, 1.95) | .648 | −0.18 (−1.58, 1.22) | .797 |
Outlying islands | 0.71 (−1.19, 2.60) | .464 | 1.41 (−0.36, 3.18) | .118 |
School Size | ||||
≤ 12 classes | 0.00 | – | – | |
13-24 classes | −0.51 (−1.76, 0.74) | .424 | – | – |
25-48 classes | −0.01 (−1.14, 1.12) | .986 | – | – |
≥ 49 classes | −0.07 (−1.31, 1.17) | .912 | – | – |
Involving teaching | ||||
No | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Yes | −0.63 (−1.62, 0.36) | .211 | −0.50 (−1.39, 0.39) | .270 |
Weekly working hours | ||||
< 40 h | 1.22 (−0.67, 3.12) | .206 | 0.88 (−0.80, 2.56) | .304 |
= 40 h | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
> 40 h | 0.13 (−1.11, 1.36) | .842 | −0.09 (−1.20, 1.03) | .877 |
Weekly working hour changes | ||||
Less than before the pandemic | 0.41 (−0.60, 1.43) | .421 | 0.34 (−0.56, 1.24) | .460 |
About the same | ||||
More than before the pandemic | 1.36 (0.16, 2.56) | .027 | 0.86 (−0.19, 1.92) | .109 |
Health status | ||||
Very bad/bad/moderate | 0.00 | – | – | |
Good/very good | −1.96 (−2.83, −1.08) | <.001 | – | – |
Chronic health conditions | ||||
None | 0.00 | – | – | |
One or more | 0.39 (−0.51, 1.29) | .395 | – | – |
Health-related activity limitations | ||||
Not limited | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Limited | 1.85 (0.90, 2.80) | <.001 | 0.92 (0.05, 1.79) | .039 |
S-COVID-19-S | ||||
No | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Yes | 1.86 (0.97, 2.75) | <.001 | 1.52 (0.70, 2.34) | <.001 |
COVID-19 vaccination | ||||
No | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Yes | 0.45 (−0.89, 1.78) | .511 | 0.01 (−1.26, 1.29) | .983 |
Level of informing on COVID-19 updates | ||||
Insufficient/poor/fine informed | 0.00 | – | – | |
Well/very well informed | −2.95 (−4.26, −1.63) | <.001 | – | – |
Confusion about COVID-19-related information | ||||
Not at all/little confused | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Quite/very confused | 3.86 (2.44, 5.27) | <.001 | 2.47 (1.15, 3.79) | <.001 |
Level of concern about getting infected | ||||
Slightly concerned/not concerned at all | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Very concerned/concerned | 1.01 (0.09, 1.93) | .031 | 0.37 (−0.44, 1.18) | .370 |
Perceived likelihood of getting infected | ||||
Not likely/definitely not | 0.00 | – | – | |
Very likely/somewhat likely | 0.59 (−0.30, 1.48) | .192 | – | – |
Sense of coherence | −1.65 (−2.03, −1.28) | <.001 | −1.39 (−1.76, −1.03) | <.001 |
Coronavirus-related HL | −3.20 (−4.13, −2.27) | <.001 | −1.76 (−2.66, −0.85) | <.001 |
S-COVID-19-S: symptoms like COVID-19; HL: health literacy; B: unstandardized regression coefficient.