Table 3.
Correction between log-transformed trimethylamine N-oxide level and clinical variables.
| Variables | Log-Transformed TMAO (μg/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Regression | Multivariate Regression | ||||
| r | p Value | Beta | Adjusted R2 Change | p Value | |
| Female | 0.162 | 0.122 | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 0.260 | 0.012 * | - | - | - |
| Diabetes | 0.075 | 0.477 | - | - | - |
| ACE inhibitor use | 0.031 | 0.768 | - | - | - |
| ARB use | 0.044 | 0.680 | - | - | - |
| β-blocker use | 0.157 | 0.134 | - | - | - |
| CCB use | 0.077 | 0.467 | - | - | - |
| Statin use | 0.102 | 0.333 | - | - | - |
| Fibrate use | 0.137 | 0.194 | - | - | - |
| Age (years) | 0.067 | 0.528 | - | - | - |
| Body weight (kg) | 0.094 | 0.372 | - | - | - |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.279 | 0.007 * | - | - | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.190 | 0.069 | - | - | - |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.265 | 0.011 * | - | - | - |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | −0.008 | 0.942 | - | - | - |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.041 | 0.698 | - | - | - |
| Log-Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.187 | 0.074 | - | - | - |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.174 | 0.096 | - | - | - |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.008 | 0.941 | - | - | - |
| Log-Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.007 | 0.951 | - | - | - |
| Log-BUN (mg/dL) | 0.246 | 0.018 * | - | - | - |
| Log-Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.214 | 0.041 * | - | - | - |
| eGFR (mL/min) | −0.306 | 0.003 * | −0.235 | 0.042 | 0.022 * |
| Log-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.335 | 0.001 * | 0.274 | 0.103 | 0.001 * |
| Log-Insulin (uIU/mL) | 0.125 | 0.235 | - | - | - |
| Log-HOMA-IR | 0.114 | 0.279 | - | - | - |
Data of triglycerides, glucose, BUN, creatinine, CRP, insulin, HOMA-IR, and TMAO values were log-transformed before analysis. Simple linear regression or multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis performed with adopted factors (hypertension, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, log-BUN, log-creatinine, eGFR and log-CRP). ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; CCB, calcium-channel blocker; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide. * Statistical significance was regarded as p < 0.05.