Table 2.
Stem-cell therapies in NMOSD.
| Applied Cells | First Author | Reference | Patients (n) | AQ4 IgG-Positive | Age | Females (n) | EDSS (before Treatment) | Follow-Up Duration (Months) | Outcome (Beneficial Effects) *****, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSC (auto) | Burton | 79 | 3 | 2 | 34 ** | 2 | 4 * | 108 | 67 |
| Khan | 85 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ND | 6 | 0 | |
| Carlisle | 80 | 1 | 1 | 40 | 1 | ND | 24 | 100 | |
| Burt | 78 | 13 | 12 | 42 ** | 11 | 4.3 ** | 57 | 80 **** | |
| Aouad | 82 | 1 | 1 | 47 | 1 | 6.5 | 12 | 100 | |
| Greco | 77 | 16 | 10 | 37 * | 13 | 6.5 * | 47 | 88 | |
| Hoay | 81 | 3 | ND | 31.7 ** | 1 | 3.5 * | 88 | 100 | |
| Matiello | 83 | 1 | 1 | 64 | 1 | ND | 24 | 0 | |
| Peng | 84 | 1 | ND | 23 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 100 | |
| HSC (allo) | Hau | 88 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 8.5 | 48 | 100 |
| Ceglie | 86 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 6.5 | 24 | 100 | |
| Greco | 87 | 2 | 1 | 29 ** | 1 | 7.5 * | 42 | 100 | |
| MSC (auto) | Fu | 91 | 15 | 13 | 47 ** | 14 | 4.9 ** | 24 | 100 |
| MSC (allo) | Lu | 89 | 5 | 5 | 25.4 ** | 5 | 5 * | 70 | 60 |
| Lu | 90 | 5 | 5 | 35 ** | 5 | 5.1 ** | 24 | 80 | |
|
Peptide-loaded tolerogenic
dendritic cells |
Zubizarreta | 9 | 4 | 4 | 40 ** | 3 | 4.8 ** | 3 | 100 |
NMOSD = neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; AQP4 IgG = aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibody; EDSS = expanded disability status scale; HSC = hematopoietic stem cell; MSC = mesenchymal stem cell; auto = autologous; allo = allogeneic; * = median; ** = mean; **** considering 12 patients (excluding one patient with NMOSD and concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus); ***** = improvement or stability of EDSS scores during follow-up; ND = no data.