Table 2.
Associations between dietary vitamins B and incidence of advanced AMD in the Alienor Study 2001–2017 a.
| Dietary Intake of Vitamins B | Participants, Total No. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 710) |
Incident AMD (n = 80) | Non-Incident AMD (n = 630) | HR b (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Vitamin B1, mean (SD), mg/d | 1.04 (0.44) | 1.02 (0.43) | 1.05 (0.45) | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) | 0.83 |
| Vitamin B2, mean (SD), mg/d | 1.60 (0.78) | 1.52 (0.50) | 1.61 (0.80) | 0.78 (0.56–1.10) | 0.15 |
| Vitamin B3, mean (SD), mg/d | 14.69 (7.01) | 14.18 (6.34) | 14.76 (7.09) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.56 |
| Vitamin B5, mean (SD), mg/d | 4.20 (1.84) | 3.88 (1.50) | 4.24 (1.88) | 0.72 (0.53–0.99) | 0.049 |
| Vitamin B6, mean (SD), mg/d | 1.47 (0.60) | 1.41 (0.57) | 1.48 (0.60) | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.049 |
| Folate, mean (SD), µg/d | 290 (143) | 302 (181) | 288 (138) | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 0.83 |
| Vitamin B12, mean (SD), µg/d | 6.10 (12.78) | 4.93 (8.05) | 6.24 (13.25) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.22 |
Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SD, standard deviation. a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, smoking status, HDL-cholesterol, genetic risk score, oral supplementation for AMD, body mass index and physical activity. b For 1-SD increase.