Table 3.
Associations between serum vitamins B and incidence of advanced AMD in the Alienor Study 2001–2017.
| Serum Level of Vitamins B | Total | Incident AMD | Non-Incident AMD | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Mean (SD) or (%) | No. | Mean (SD) or (%) | No. | Mean (SD) or (%) | |||
| Vitamin B6, nmol/L | 645 | 41.92 (36.41) | 67 | 37.37 (27.73) | 578 | 42.45 (37.27) | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) a | 0.43 |
| Deficient <20 nmol/L | 81 | (12.6) | 13 | (19.4) | 68 | (11.8) | Reference | |
| Normal ≥20 nmol/L | 564 | (87.4) | 54 | (81.6) | 510 | (88.2) | 0.64 (0.5–1.20) a | 0.16 |
| Folate, nmol/L | 654 | 19.02 (9.97) | 69 | 16.58 (7.09) | 585 | 19.30 (10.22) | ND c | |
| Deficient <10 nmol/L | 50 | (7.6) | 11 | (15.9) | 39 | (6.7) | Reference | |
| Normal ≥10 nmol/L | 604 | (92.4) | 58 | (84.1) | 546 | (93.3) | 0.49 (0.25–0.95) b | 0.036 |
| Vitamin B12, pmol/L | 648 | 374 (431) | 70 | 417 (545) | 578 | 369 (416) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) a | 0.51 |
| Deficient <185 pmol/L | 66 | (10.2) | 5 | (7.1) | 61 | (10.5) | Reference | |
| Normal ≥185 pmol/L | 582 | (89.8) | 65 | (92.9) | 517 | (89.5) | 1.61 (0.64–4.06) a | 0.31 |
Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SD, standard deviation. a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, HDL-cholesterol, genetic risk score, oral supplementation for AMD, body mass index, physical activity and alcohol consumption. HR variations are for 1-SD increase. b Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, HDL-cholesterol, genetic risk score, oral supplementation for AMD, body mass index and physical activity. c the association of serum folate with the risk of incident advanced was not log-linear and thus this HR cannot be estimated.