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. 2022 Jul 9;19(14):8411. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148411

Table 1.

Crash and fatality distribution for SM, MM, and MV crashes.

Variable Single Motorcycle Crashes Motorcycle vs. Motorcycle Crashes Motorcycle vs. Vehicle Crashes
No. of
Motorcyclist
% of
Motorcyclist
% of
Fatality
No. of
Motorcyclist
% of
Motorcyclist
% of
Fatality
No. of
Motorcyclist
% of
Motorcyclist
% of
Fatality
Total 122,710 100% 1.29% 771,029 100% 0.08% 735,270 100% 0.46%
Fatality 1586 1.3% 100% 628 0.1% 100% 3400 0.5% 100%
Road environment attributes
Midnight (00–06) 10,201 8.3% 3.61% 16,691 2.2% 0.21% 22,741 3.1% 1.30%
Dark without streetlight 3686 3.0% 1.98% 4400 0.6% 0.25% 5105 0.7% 1.04%
Rural 43,911 35.8% 1.96% 126,735 16.4% 0.17% 165,834 22.6% 0.90%
Speed limit > 50 km/h 10,032 8.2% 2.48% 28,296 3.7% 0.27% 48,704 6.6% 1.29%
Intersection 34,277 27.9% 0.55% 516,177 66.9% 0.08% 482,033 65.6% 0.46%
Horizontal or vertical curve 16,768 13.7% 2.44% 15,244 2.0% 0.15% 17,357 2.4% 0.97%
Straight segment 68,848 56.1% 1.39% 229,700 29.8% 0.08% 225,465 30.7% 0.44%
Lane Separation-marking 56,083 45.7% 1.36% 326,924 42.4% 0.09% 308,850 42.0% 0.39%
Lane separation-traffic Island 29,736 24.2% 1.41% 123,083 16.0% 0.09% 138,479 18.8% 0.50%
Pavement surface-dry 98,440 80.2% 1.42% 698,125 90.5% 0.09% 636,457 86.6% 0.48%
Pavement surface-wet 24,270 19.8% 0.78% 72,904 9.5% 0.05% 98,813 13.4% 0.35%
Inclement weather 17,706 14.4% 0.78% 57,624 7.5% 0.04% 81,115 11.0% 0.32%
Crash characteristics/types
Fall over 80,518 65.6% 0.47%
Run off 4363 3.6% 4.42%
Hit tree/pole 5301 4.3% 7.68%
Hit traffic device 1150 0.9% 6.52%
Hit island/barrier 8127 6.6% 4.41%
Swipe crash-same direction 92,471 12.0% 0.09% 104,399 14.2% 0.32%
Swipe crash-opposite direction 29,184 3.8% 0.09% 27,850 3.8% 0.36%
Head-on crash 10,713 1.4% 0.22% 6716 0.9% 2.14%
Read-end crash 107,698 14.0% 0.05% 64,028 8.7% 0.47%
Side-impact crash 280,617 36.4% 0.08% 299,656 40.8% 0.40%
Right-angle crash 111,152 14.4% 0.12% 81,471 11.1% 1.01%
Motorcycle/list characteristics
LHM (250 cc and above) 1905 1.6% 3.83% 5470 0.7% 0.26% 7245 1.0% 1.16%
Male 76,972 62.7% 1.69% 446,243 57.9% 0.10% 423,164 57.6% 0.55%
Young (24 years old and less) 46,031 37.5% 0.91% 242,881 31.5% 0.04% 253,458 34.5% 0.26%
Middle Age (25–54years old) 51,279 41.8% 1.31% 364,158 47.2% 0.05% 322,145 43.8% 0.33%
Aged (55 years old and above) 25,400 20.7% 1.97% 163,990 21.3% 0.23% 159,667 21.7% 1.04%
without wearing a helmet 1309 1.1% 11.77% 5833 0.8% 1.05% 6927 0.9% 3.44%
without valid driving license 13,967 11.4% 3.19% 71,661 9.3% 0.16% 78,478 10.7% 1.04%
Districted 41,481 33.8% 1.40% 160,331 20.8% 0.07% 235,647 32.0% 0.35%
Speed violation 7446 6.1% 2.10% 44,411 5.8% 0.06% 50,013 6.8% 0.48%
Improper turn 51,739 6.7% 0.12% 21,135 2.9% 0.89%
Right of way violation 155,393 20.2% 0.12% 97,799 13.3% 0.96%
Impaired 11,335 9.2% 2.87% 2792 0.4% 0.65% 6029 0.8% 2.22%
Other violations 47,376 38.6% 1.04% 204,256 26.5% 0.08% 158,307 21.5% 0.37%
Motorcyclist’s BAC (<0.3%) 926 0.8% 7.88% 2812 0.4% 0.71% 3378 0.5% 4.50%
Motorcyclist’s BAC (≥0.3%) 10,378 8.5% 3.38% 6848 0.9% 0.56% 9848 1.3% 2.50%
Motorcyclist’s BAC unknown 3332 2.7% 14.41% 11,299 1.5% 0.60% 6698 0.9% 12.45%
Counterpart motorcycle/vehicle characteristics
LHM (250 cc+) 5469 0.7% 0.51%
Large Car (Bus & Truck) 22,659 3.1% 3.37%
Without driving license 71,676 9.3% 0.16% 26,380 3.6% 0.85%
Districted 160,293 20.8% 0.12% 91,828 12.5% 0.77%
Speed related violations 44,408 5.8% 0.16% 26,302 3.6% 1.43%
Improper turns 51,750 6.7% 0.06% 107,954 14.7% 0.21%
Right of way violation 155,393 20.2% 0.12% 107,954 14.7% 0.21%
Impaired 2791 0.4% 0.29% 2076 0.3% 1.69%
Other violations 204,329 26.5% 0.06% 195,570 26.6% 0.36%
Motorcyclist’s driver’s BAC (+<0.3%) 2811 0.4% 0.39% 3788 0.5% 1.32%
Motorcyclist’s driver’s BAC (≥0.3%) 6847 0.9% 0.28% 5633 0.8% 1.76%
Motorcyclist/driver’s BAC unknown 11,567 1.5% 0.14% 20,657 2.8% 0.61%