Table 5.

Odds ratios of motorcyclist fatality based on mixed logit models.

Variable	SM Crashes	MM Crashes	MV Crashes
Road and environment characteristics
Midnight (00–06)	2.17 (r)	0.59 (r; n.s.)	1.52 (r)
Dark without streetlight	-	2.31	-
Rural	1.14	1.76	1.77
Speed limit > 50 km/h	1.67	2.44	2.67
Horizontal or vertical curve	1.81		1.05 (r; n.s.)
Lane separation-No separation	-		1.16
Lane separation-markings	1.30		-
Lane separation-Traffic Island	1.63	1.29	1.19
Pavement surface-dry	1.20	1.59	-
Crash type
Run off	5.46	-	-
Hit tree/pole	12.28	-	-
Hit traffic device	6.67	-	-
Hit island/barrier	5.81	-	-
Swipe crash-same direction	-	1.49
Head-on collision	-	2.84	4.46
Right angle collision	-	1.66	2.40
Side impact collision	-	0.85 (r; n.s.)	1.36
Rear-end collision	-		1.81
Motorcycle and Motorcyclist characteristics
BHM (250 cc+)	1.02 (r; n.s.)	3.27	2.58
Male	1.87	1.70	1.57
Young (<25 years old)	1.38	-	-
Middle age (25–54 years old)	-	-	1.22
Aged (55 years old+)	1.86 (r)	3.89 (r)	2.83
Without wearing helmet	5.58	7.16	2.95
Without valid driving license	1.63		0.85 (r; n.s.)
Distracted	1.25		-
Speed violation	2.46		1.24
Right of way violation	-		1.85
Improper turn	-		2.45
Motorcyclist’s BAC (+<0.3%)	3.02	6.39	3.72
Motorcyclist’s BAC (≥0.3%)	1.33 (r; n.s.)	2.57 (r; n.s.)	2.31
Motorcyclist’s BAC unknown	25.84	7.05	45.81
Counterpart motorcyclist/driver characteristics
LHM (250 cc+)		4.26	-
Large vehicle (truck or bus)		-	8.79
Without a valid driving license		1.82	1.76
Distracted		1.59	-
Speed related violations		2.22	1.96
Right of way violations		1.45	1.65
Motorcyclist’s BAC (+<0.3%)		2.72	1.76
Motorcyclist’s BAC (≥0.3%)		2.21	3.00

Note: r: random parameter. n.s.: not significant at the 95% confidence interval.