Table 3.
Antibacterial activity of essential oils from species found in the Amazon.
| Species | Family | Methodos | Microrganisms (Results) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaxagorea brevipes | Annonaceae | Microbroth dilution | Kocuria rhizophila (MIC = 50.00 μg/mL) | [15] |
| (Leaves) | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 250.00 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase-negative (8−) (MIC = 25.00 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase-positive (7+) (MIC = 250.00 μg/mL) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 250.00 μg/mL) | ||||
| Aniba parviflora | Lauraceae | Agar disk diffusion/The plate | Klebsiella pneumoniae (DDM = 9.20 mm/MIC = >10 μL/mL) | [17] |
| (Aerial parts) | microdilution | Staphylococcus aureus (DDM = 15.44 mm/MIC = >10 μL/mL) | ||
| Enterococcus faecalis (DDM = 11.2 mm/MIC = >10 μL/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (DDM = 13.3 mm/MIC = >10 μL/mL) | ||||
| Streptococcus pyogenes (DDM = 13.3 mm/MIC = 1.3 μL/mL) | ||||
| A. rosaeodora | Lauraceae | Agar disk diffusion | Escherichia coli (DDM =13.2 mm/MIC = >10 μL/mL) | [17] |
| (Aerial parts) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (DDM = 11.6 mm/MIC = > 10 μL/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus (DDM = 26.7 mm/MIC = 1.3 μL/mL) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis (DDM = 8.80 mm/MIC = 5 μL/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (DDM = 38.4 mm/MIC = 5 μL/mL) | ||||
| Streptococcus pyogenes (DDM = >40/MIC = 1.3 μL/mL) | ||||
| Bocageopsis pleiosperma | Annonaceae | Microbroth dilution | Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 250 μg/mL) | [22] |
| (Barks) | ||||
| B. multiflora | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.19 mg/mL) | [23] |
| (Leaves) | Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.09 mg/mL) | |||
| Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 0.19 mg/mL) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 3.0 mg/mL) | ||||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| Salmonella enterica (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| B. multiflora | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Escherichia coli (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | [24] |
| (Aerial parts) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | |||
| Streptococcus mutan (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | ||||
| streptococcus pyogenes (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | ||||
| MRSA (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | ||||
| Duguetia quitarensis | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Streptococcus mutan (MIC = 37.5 μg/mL) | [24] |
| (Aerial parts) | Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC = 37.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Ephedranthus amazonicus | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.09 g/mL) | [23] |
| (Leaves) | Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.19 mg/mL) | |||
| Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 2.50 mg/mL) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 3.0 mg/mL) | ||||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| Endlicheria arenosa | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/Ml | [28] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC =19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Salmonella enterica (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| E. arenosa | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/Ml | [28] |
| (Twigs) | Staphylococcus aureus 625.0 μg/mL | |||
| Fusaea longifolia | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 37.5 μg/mL) | [24] |
| (Aerial parts) | Streptococcus mutan (MIC = 37.5 μg/mL) | |||
| MRSA (MIC = 37.5 μg/mL) | ||||
| Guatteria blepharophylla | Annonaceae | Microbroth dilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.05 mg/mL) | [23] |
| (Leaves) | Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.05 mg/mL) | |||
| Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 0.02 mg/mL) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| Salmonella enterica (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) | ||||
| G. punctata | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Streptococcus mutan (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | [24] |
| (Aerial parts) | Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC = 4.68 μg/mL) | |||
| Lippia origanoides | Verbenaceae | Microbroth dilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1.15 mg/mL) | [40] |
| (Aerial parts) | Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.57 mg/Ml) | |||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.15 mg/mL) | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 1.15 mg/mL) | ||||
| Myrcia splendens | Myrtaceae | Microdilution | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (MIC = 500 μg/mL) | [46] |
| (Leaves) | Agrobacterium vitis (MIC = 2000 μg/mL) | |||
| Pseudomonas syringaepv.syringae (MIC = 250 μg/mL) | ||||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = >2000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = >2000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Lavibacter michiganensissubsp.nebraskensis (MIC = 125 μg/mL) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 2000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Listeria grayi (MIC = 1000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 1000 μg/mL) | ||||
| Myrcia sylvatica | Myrtaceae | Disk method | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 2.5 μL/mL) | [10] |
| (Fresh leaves) | Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC =20 μL/mL) | |||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 0.2 μL/mL) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 20 μL/mL) | ||||
| M. sylvatica | Myrtaceae | Disk method | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 2.5 μL/mL) | [10] |
| (Dried Leaves) | Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 20 μL/mL) | |||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 0.2 μL/mL | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 20 μL/mL) | ||||
| Nectandra cuspidata | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | [47] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC= 19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 312.5 μg/mL) | ||||
| N. puberula | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | [47] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = 19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Ocotea Caniculata | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | [50] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = 19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| O. caudalata | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | [50] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = 19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 312.5 μg/mL) | ||||
| O. cujumary | Lauraceae | Microbroth dilution | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250.0 μg/mL) | [50] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = 19.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 625.0 μg/mL) | ||||
| Bacillus cereus (MIC = 312.5 μg/mL) | ||||
| Onychopetalum amazonicum | Annonaceae | Microbroth dilution | Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL) | [51] |
| (trunk bark) | kocuria rhizophila (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL) | |||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL) | ||||
| Vismia cayennensis | Hypericaceae | Microplate dilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = >25 μg/mL) | [63] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = >50 μg/mL) | |||
| V. guianensis | Hypericaceae | Microplate dilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = >1000 μg/mL) | [63] |
| (Leaves) | Escherichia coli (MIC = >1000 μg/mL) | |||
| Xylopia aromatica | Annonaceae | Microdilution | Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1.20 mg/mL) | [63] |
| (Leaves) | Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.05 mg/mL) | |||
| Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 0.02 mg/mL) | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC = 3.0 mg/mL) | ||||
| Escherichia coli (MIC = 3.0 mg/mL) | ||||
| Salmonella enterica (MIC = 1.5 mg/mL) |
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; DDM, disk diffusion method.