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. 2022 Jul 9;11(14):2155. doi: 10.3390/cells11142155

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Sites of Interactions of Mutant Genes in PDAC and the Various Pathways which they Effect and also Sites of Interaction of Certain Small Molecule Inhibitors Discussed in this Review. Abbreviations: transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 protein (SMAD4), small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 protein (SMAD3), small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 protein (SMAD2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A encoded by CDKN2A (p16 INK4a) E2F transcription factor (E2F), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A encoded by CDKN1A (p21Cip1), small molecule reactivator of mutant TP53 (APR-246), TP53 = tumor suppressor protein 53 KDa, 14 KDa tumor suppressor protein alternate reading frame protein encoded by CDKN2A (p14ARF), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), mouse double minute 2 E3 ubiquitin ligase (MDM2), small molecular inhibitor of MDM2 (nutlin-3a), micro RNA (miR), non-coding RNAs including LncRNAs and circRNAs (ncRNA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), sonic hedgehog growth factor (Shh), Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RalGEF), TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inhibitor of NF-Kappa-B kinase-α/β/γ (IKKα/β/κ), inhibitor of NF-κB-α (IκB-α), p50 KDa subunit of nuclear kappa-κB cells (p50), p65 KDa subunit of nuclear kappa-κB cells (p65), small molecule multi kinase inhibitor (Sorafenib), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-1 (IGF-1R), Kirsten Ras oncogene homolog (KRas), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), (TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin) tumor suppressor complex (TSC1/TSC2), Ras Homolog, mTORC1 binding protein (Rheb), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTORC1), SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable complex (SWI/SNF), AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (Arid1a)—MAP kinase kinase kinase (Raf), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK), ERK = mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK). We compiled the information necessary for all the figures, designed all the figures and their composition was created with BioRender.com.