Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics, vascular risk factors, hemodynamic parameters and WMHs load for each group of subjects.
| Controls (n = 10) |
Migraine with Aura (n = 30) |
Cryptogenic Stroke/Motor TIA (n = 20) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean, (SD) | 40.5 (8.3) | 35.2 (10.9) | 39.1 (7.4) | 0.206 |
| Sex, F, n (%) | 8 (80) | 26 (86.7) | 11 (55) | 0.035 |
| Smoking Habit, n (%) | 4 (40) | 6 (20) | 5 (25) | 0.449 |
| Estrogenic-progestinal therapy, n (%F) | 0 | 3 (11.5) | 2 (16.7) | 0.460 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2 (20) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (15) | 0.445 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Right-to-left shunt, n (%) | 3 (30) | 18 (60) | 20 (100) | <0.001 |
| Severe right-to-left shunt, n (%) | 1 (10) | 10 (33.3) | 5 (25) | 0.345 |
| MCA basal MFV cm/s, mean (SD) | 71.3 (14.1) | 65.9 (11.9) | 63.0 (10.0) | 0.201 |
| PCA basal MFV cm/s, mean (SD) | 45.7 (15.5) | 44.4 (12.4) | 44.8 (11.9) | 0.962 |
| BHI MCA %/s, mean (SD) | 1.56 (0.49) | 1.86 (0.52) | 1.59 (0.60) | 0.154 |
| BHI PCA %/s, mean (SD) | 1.49 (0.38) | 1.96 (0.66) | 1.49 (0.51) | 0.010 * |
| WMHs number | ||||
| MCA territory, median (IQr) [range] | 1.6 (4.00) [0–12] | 1.0 (3.0) [0–16] | 2.5 (6.0) [0–16] | 0.237 |
| PCA territory, median (IQr) [range] | 0 (0) [0–5] | 0 (1.0) [0–2] | 0 (1.0) [0–3] | 0.159 |
| Global, median (IQr) [range] | 0.6 (2.25) [0–17] | 1 (3.25) [0–20] | 3.5 (9.5) [0–23] | 0.229 |
| WMHs volume | ||||
| MCA territory, median (IQr) [range] | 0.016 (0.18) [0–1.4] | 0.016 (0.12) [0–7] | 0.09 (0.73) [0–3.7] | 0.130 |
| PCA territory, median (IQr) [range] | 0 (0) [0–0.57] | 0 (0.02) [0–0.6] | 0 (0.08) [0–0.31] | 0.093 |
| Global, median (IQr) [range] | 0.016 (0.19) [0–2] | 0.039 (1.14) [0–9.6] | 0.154 (0.944) [0–3.7] | 0.182 |
F = female, MCA = middle cerebral artery, MVF = mean flow velocity, PCA = posterior cerebral artery, BHI = breath-holding index, SD = standard deviation, IQr = interquartile interval. * 0.038 (controls vs. migraine with aura patients); 0.011 (migraine with aura vs. stroke patients). Significant p-values are shown in bold.