Figure 2.

The inflammatory cascade during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IL-1β is synthesized by macrophages, monocytes, and B lymphocytes, and has the ability to self-induce its production and stimulate the synthesis of IL-6 in macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells [12,96,97]. Further, IL-6 determines the liver synthesis of acute phase reactants and exerts a pro-coagulant effect by inducing tissue factor synthesis, also causing endothelial dysfunction by increasing vascular permeability [108,109,110]. Legend: IL-1β: Interleukin 1β; IL-6: Interleukin-6; and CRP: C reactive protein.