Figure 3.

Regulation of TEs in the normal and cancer cell. In normal cells (left panel), epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, silence the activity of TEs. In cancer cells (right panel) hypomethylation, different histone modification, and non-coding RNAs cause removal of repressive signals and unregulated expression of TEs. This leads to degradation of DNA, mutations, and genomic instability (orange arrowhead indicates the increased activity, blue circle indicates histone, orange circle indicates methyl groups, blue cross indicates silencing).