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. 2022 Jul 8;27(14):4374. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144374

Table 2.

Major compounds present in different parts of E. neriifolia and their antimicrobial activities.

Name of the Compound Structure Plant Part Pharmacological Activities References
Antibacterial Activity Antifungal Activity Antiviral Activity Antiparasitic Activity
Quercetin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i001.jpg Leaves Potent
bacteriostatic activity against
P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens,
H. pylori, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Y. enterocolitica,
M. luteus, C. jejuni, and
E. coli.
- Inhibits C. albicans
- Acted as adjuvant for amphotericin B against C. neoformans at 0.25–0.125 μg/mL
- Inhibitory percentage is 82% at a 200 µM concentration
- Binds with SARS-CoV 3CLpro protease
- Active against human T-Lymphotropic virus 1, Japanese
Encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus type-2, and hepatitis C virus.
Exerts potential antiparasitic activities against Toxoplasma,
Babesia, Theileria,
Trypanosoma, and Leishmania.
[61,62,63]
Rutin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i002.jpg Leaves Active against E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. sonnei, P. auruginosa, B. subtilis and Klebsiella sp. - Inhibits C. gattii with a MIC value of 60 µg/mL.
- Acted as adjuvant for amphotericin B against C. neoformans at 0.0625 μg/mL
- Useful for treating retroviruses, herpes viruses, orthomyxoviruses, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C
- Effective against avian influenza,
strain H5N1
Demonstrates
antimycobacterialactivity against
Mycobacterium smegmatis
[61,64,65]
3β-friedelanol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i003.jpg Leaves Not found Not found - Greater anti-HCoV activity than positive control actinomycin D with 132.4% survival rate
- Inhibts hepatitis B virus (HBV) by inhibiting HBeAg secretion
Not found [48,66]
3β-acetoxy friedelane graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i004.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HCoV activity with 80.9% survival rate Not found [67]
Friedelin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i005.jpg Leaves Active against S. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis Active against C. albicans (MIC = 2.44 μg/mL) Anti-HCoV activity with 80.9% survival rate Not found [66,68]
Lupenone graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i006.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Against herpes simplex virus Not found [69]
Epitaraxerol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i007.jpg Leaves Inhibits A. niger, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, T.
mentagrophytes.
Inhibits C. albicans Anti-HCoV activity with 111.0% survival rate Not found [69]
Epitaraxeryl acetate graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i008.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Antivirus activity against Epistein–Barr virus. Not found [70]
Taraxeryl acetate graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i009.jpg Leaves MIC for E. coli is 78 µg/mL, B. cereus 156 µg/mL, S. faecalis 78µg/mL MIC for C. albicans is 156 µg/mL, M. audouinii 78 µg/mL Not found Not found [52]
β-amyrin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i010.jpg Leaves Contribute in the antibacterial
activity of E. neriifolia plant
Inhibits the growth of Candida spp. Inhibits Peste des Petits Ruminants virus. Exerts virucidal potential Not found [52,71]
3β-simiarenol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i011.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HCoV activity Not found [72]
Cycloartenol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i012.jpg Leaves, Roots, and Latex Not found Not found Inhibits the migration of glioma cells and inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. Not found [73]
Cycloeucalenol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i013.jpg Leaves Inhibits P. aeruginosa (ZOI 24 mm) Not found Not found Not found [74]
Afzelin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i014.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Binds with the SARS-CoV 3CLpro protease and inhibits viral replication Not found [75]
Euphonerin A graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i015.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HIV Not found [76]
Euphonerin B graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i016.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HIV Not found [76]
Euphonerin C graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i017.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HIV Not found [76]
Euphonerin D graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i018.jpg Leaves Not found Not found Anti-HIV activity with EC50 of 34 µM Not found [76]
Lectin Latex Active against
E. coli, S. dysenteriae, S. aureus,
P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and Klebsiella sp.
Active against
A. flavus, T. viride, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme,
C. comatus, R. olani,
P. digitatum, A. alternata, and V. mali.
- Anti-HIV activity
- exerts Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by attaching with viral spike protein
Not found [57,77,78,79,80]
Pachypodol (5,40-dihydroxy-3,7,30-trimethoxyflavone) graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i019.jpg Leaves Active against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa Good activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. galabrata Not found Not found [76]
Taraxerol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i020.jpg Leaves and Stem Exerted inhibition on E. coli in vitro with MIC value of
1.20 mg/mL
Not found Antivirus activity against Epistein–Barr virus. Not found [76,77]
24-Methylenecycloarenol graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i021.jpg Root and Bark Not found Not found Interacts with binding site residues that are known to interfere with the activity of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 Not found [25]
Ingenol triacetate graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i022.jpg Root Not found Not found Prevent HIV replication in MT-4 cells at 0.051–0.65 µM Not found [25]
12-Deoxyphorbol-13,20-diacetate graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i023.jpg Root Not found Not found Causes HIV-1 expression in latently infected T-cell and increases sensitivity to killing through immunotoxins. Not found [25]
Tulipanin graphic file with name molecules-27-04374-i024.jpg Bark and Root Active against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and B. subtilis Not found Not found Not found [25]
n-hexacosanol CH3(CH2)24CH2OH Bark Hexacosanol compounds exerted significant activities against M. smegmatis, S. faecium, L. monocytogenes, C. albicans, D. kl oackeri, and R. rubra [81]
Wax, Resin, Caoutchouc, Gum Bark and Latex Wax, resin, gum, and caoutchouc from different origins exert various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities [65,82]
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