Table 1.
Main characterization methods of PDNVs.
| Parameter | Methods | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Dynamic light scattering (DLS) | Fast and easy; not suitable for heterogenous, poly-dispersed particle solution |
| Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) | Fast and easy; measures concentration; not suitable for poly-dispersed particle solution | |
| Flow cytometry | High throughput; not suitable for small particles | |
| Electron microscopy | High resolution; low throughput; particles not in native the state | |
| Atomic force microscopy (AFM) | Provides morphology; low throughput | |
| Tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) | Highly accurate; measures concentration and charge; pores can be clogged by particles | |
| Content | PCR | DNA/RNA |
| Western Blot | Protein | |
| Mass spectrometry | Protein or lipid | |
| ELISA | Protein | |
| Sequencing | DNA/RNA |