Figure 3.

Effects of nanoparticle systems on ROS generation by BEAS-2B mammalian cells treated with two exposure concentrations, namely 0.5 µM (data shown) and 1.0 µM (data not shown). The top panels (A,B) show the same data as the bottom panels, respectively, but at different scales. The top panel shows that the PVP-CuNP is drastically larger than the others, while the bottom panel allows comparison between the smaller values. (A) Relative luminescence units (RLU) versus silver treatment type. (B) RLU versus copper treatment type. Error bars depict one standard deviation from the mean. The assay was validated using menadione as a positive control for ROS production in mammalian cells; its RLU value was 84,500.