Table 1.
Demographical, ocular, and biochemical characteristics in the study groups.
| Parameters | Group 1 (n = 21) | Group 2 (n = 20) | Group 3 (n = 22) | p 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.14 ± 9.69 | 71.75 ± 9.03 | 63.41 ± 5.84 | 0.002 * |
| Sex (n, male: female) | 9:12 | 8:12 | 9:13 | 0.982 ^ |
| BCVA (logMAR) | 0.26 ± 0.23 | 0.14 ± 0.15 | 0.27 ± 0.22 | 0.056 ˘ |
| SE (D) | 0.26 ± 1.50 | 0.08 ± 1.18 | 0.16 ± 1.54 | 0.907 ˘ |
| IOP (mmHg) | 13.90 ± 3.41 | 14.70 ± 1.75 | 16.86 ± 2.23 | 0.001 * |
| Lens status (n, phakic: pseudophakic) | 10:11 | 9:11 | 20:2 | 0.002 ^ |
| Axial length (mm) | 22.78 ± 0.74 | 22.76 ± 0.61 | 22.87 ± 0.72 | 0.879 * |
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/l) | 5.63 ± 0.54 | 6.70 ± 1.02 | 9.67 ± 4.03 | 0.001 ˘ |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.64 ± 0.45 | 7.38 ± 2.88 | 7.96 ± 1.78 | 0.001 ˘ |
| Diabetes duration (years) | N/A | 7.30 ± 2.69 | 9.59 ± 6.85 | 1 × |
| DM treatment (n, OADs: OADs + insulin) | N/A | 19:1 | 13:9 | 0.01 ᵜ |
| HBP (n, %) | 17 (80.95) | 17 (85) | 18 (77.27) | 1 ᵜ |
1 significance of differences between groups; N/A: non applicable * one-way ANOVA test; ^ Pearson Chi-square test; ˘ Kruskal–Wallis test; × Mann–Whitney U test; ᵜ Fisher exact test; BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; logMAR: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SE: spherical equivalent; D: diopters; IOP: intraocular pressure; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; OADs: oral antidiabetic drugs; DM: diabetes mellitus; HBP: high blood pressure.