Table 1.

Studies investigating bacteraemia associated with endodontic treatment.

Study	Method Used	Findings
[77]	Culture-based approach	3.3% after non-surgical root canal treatment 33% in periapical curettage case 83.3% in surgical flap reflection 100% after tooth extraction
[78]	Culture-based approach	100% after tooth extraction 70% after dental scaling 20% following root canal treatment
[79]	Culture-based approach	Propionibacterium acnes was recovered from the blood in cases where overinstrumentation occurred
[39]	Culture-based approach	Propionibacterium acnes, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recovered from the blood in cases where overinstrumentation occurred P. intermedia, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus sanguis were found in cases where instrumentation ended inside the canal
[80]	Culture-based approach using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	Findings confirmed that the isolates identified from blood in previous studies including (Propionibacterium acnes, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus sanguis) originated from the root canal
[81]	DNA-Hybridization	Results suggested that bacteria isolated from the blood originated from the root canal
[37]	Phenotypic and genotypic approach	All root canals contained anaerobic bacteria Frequency of bacteraemia varied from 31% to 54%
[38]	Culture-based approach	Bacteraemia found in 30% of the cases
[71]	Molecular approach (qPCR)	Detected bacteraemia after non-surgical root canal therapy in all cases that were detected negative for bacteraemia with a culture approach