Table 4.

HPV association with RCC.

Authors Year, Country	Sample Type	HPV Detection Assay/Status	Results	Novelty
Henley JK et al., 2017 Danville, PA, USA [78]	Skin biopsy	Enlarged keratinocytes with blue cytoplasm and hypergranulosis characteristic of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV)—features suggestive for HPV infection	Renal transplantation 7 years prior	Rare case of acquired EDV in a solid organ transplant recipient
Farhadi A et al., 2014 Serdang, Malaysia [79]	FFPE RCC	MY/GP+ consensus primers and HPV-16/18 type specific nested PCRs followed by direct sequencing	HPV genome was detected in 37 cases (30.3%) HPV-18 was the most common viral type identified followed by HPV-16 and HPV-58	Results indicate an association of HR-HPV types with RCC