Table 2.

Bifidobacteria strains, their biodetoxification mechanisms, and rates for different food contaminates.

Bifidobacteria Strain/Mix	Cell Count CFU/mL	Contaminant	Food/Environment	Contaminant Level	Biodetox. Mechanism	Detox. Rate	Ref.
B. animalis subsp. Lactis BI-04	5 × 108	B[a]P	in vitro—colon epithelial cells in vitro digestion	0.5 µg /mL	markedly relieved cell damage	95%	[83]
B. animalis subsp. Lactis B. longum subsp. Infantis ATCC 15697 B. longum subsp. Longum ATCC 15707	108	Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25585 Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277 Streptococcus oralis	in vitro	106 CFU/mL	DNA-DNA hybridization	64.9%; 54%	[84]
B. animalis subsp. Lactis BI-04, 1.2226, and HN019 B. bifidum Bb-02 B. breve 1.2213 and BD-01 B. longum subsp. Infantis Bi26 and BY12, B. longum subsp. Longum 1.2186	5 × 108	B[a]P	in vitro	100 μg/mL	physical absorption xenobiotics biotransformation	78%	[55]
B. bifidum	1; 5; 7 × 109	AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2	in vitro in vivo (rats)	50 µg /mL	binding absorption	95.59%	[70]
B. bifidum DDBA	1 × 1011	ZEN	in vitro	2.5 μg/mL	physical absorption biotransformation	98%	[42]
B. bifidum NRRL B-41410	2 × 106	AFM1	in vivo	50 µg /mL	physical absorption metabolism mitigation	45.17%	[85]

AFB1—aflatoxin B1; AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1—aflatoxin B2, G1, G2, M1; ZEN—zearalenone; B[a]P—benzopyrene.