Table 1.

Effect of temperature and/or water activity on mycotoxin production by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species.

Fungal Species	Mycotoxin	Temperature °C	aw	Time (Days)	µg/g	Reference
A. carbonarius	OTA	28	0.94	15	0.0314	[16]
			0.96	15	0.126	“
			0.98	15	0.862	“
		25	0.94	15	0.122	“
			0.96	15	0.326	“
			0.98	15	2	“
		20	0.94	15	0.324	“
			0.96	15	1.028	“
			0.98	15	2.743	“
A. flavus	AFB1	40	-	21	0	[17]
			0.90	9	0	[9]
		37	-	3	0.7	[18]
			-	5	0.4	“
			-	7	0.3	“
			0.90	9	3.96	[9]
			0.95	9	2.68	“
			0.99	9	2.42	“
		35	-	21	0.001	[17]
			0.90	5	0.0046	[19]
		34	-	3	29	[18]
			-	5	36	“
			-	7	18	“
		30	-	21	0.02	[17]
			0.95	5	3.016	[19]
			0.99	5	2.758	“
		32	-	3	633	[18]
			-	5	760	“
			-	7	760	“
		28	-	2	184	“
			-	4	760	“
			-	7	760	“
		25	-	21	0.060	[17]
			0.90	5	0.0036	[19]
			0.95	5	0.830	“
			0.99	5	1.957	“
			-	4	304	[18]
			-	5	507	“
			-	7	449	“
		20	-	21	0.062	[17]
		18	-	6	34	[18]
			-	9	124	“
		15	-	8	0.3	“
			-	14	0.9	“
			-	21	2	“
			-	21	0.028	[17]
		10	-	21	0.006	“
		11	-	14	<0.01	[18]
			-	21	0.1	“
		8	-	21	<0.01	“
	AFB2	37	-	3	ND	“
			-	5	ND	“
			-	7	ND	“
		34	-	3	0.8	“
			-	5	3	“
			-	7	2	“
		32	-	3	166	“
			-	5	133	“
			-	7	125	“
		28	-	2	20	“
			-	4	167	“
			-	7	111	“
		25	-	4	53	“
			-	5	80	“
			-	7	85	“
		18	-	6	4	“
			-	9	19	“
		15	-	8	0.02	“
			-	14	0.1	“
			-	21	0.2	“
		11	-	14	<0.01	“
			-	21	ND	“
		8	-	21	ND	“
	AFG1	37	-	3	0.01	“
			-	5	ND	“
			-	7	ND	“
		34	-	3	0.6	“
			-	5	0.2	“
			-	7	<0.2	“
		32	-	3	71	“
			-	5	64	“
			-	7	46	“
		28	-	2	64	“
			-	4	458	“
			-	7	180	“
		25	-	4	198	“
			-	5	256	“
			-	7	235	“
		18	-	6	37	“
			-	9	160	“
		15	-	8	0.06	“
			-	14	1	“
			-	21	3	“
		11	-	14	<0.01	“
			-	21	0.09	“
		8	-	21	<0.01	“
	AFG2	37	-	3	ND	“
			-	5	ND	“
			-	7	ND	“
		34	-	3	<0.01	“
			-	5	<0.01	“
			-	7	<0.01	“
		32	-	3	11	“
			-	5	10	“
			-	7	5	“
		28	-	2	10	“
			-	4	56	“
			-	7	25	“
		25	-	4	25	“
			-	5	31	“
			-	7	32	“
		18	-	6	3	“
			-	9	12	“
		15	-	8	<0.01	“
			-	14	<0.01	“
			-	21	0.3	“
		11	-	14	<0.01	“
			-	21	ND	“
		8	-	21	ND	“
Fusarium verticilloides	FBs	40	-	21	0	[17]
		35	-	21	0.157	“
		30	-	21	0.02	“
		25	-	21	0.199	“
		20	-	21	0.258	“
		15	-	21	0.03	“
		10	-	21	0	“
P. verrucosum	OTA	25	0.95	56	3.6	[20]
			0.99	56	0.15	“
		15	0.95	56	1.8	“
			0.99	56	3	“
P. verrucosum + F. culmorum	OTA	25	0.95	56	0	“
			0.99	56	0	“
		15	0.95	56	0.01	“
			0.99	56	0	“
P. verrucosum + F. poae	OTA	25	0.95	56	0	“
			0.99	56	0	“
		15	0.95	56	0.2	“
			0.99	56	0.06	“

ND = Not detected.