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. 2022 Jul 14;11(14):2090. doi: 10.3390/foods11142090

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Metabolism of sugar substances by lactic acid bacteria and production of flavor substances. HK: hexokinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; PO: pyruvate oxidase; ALS: acetolactate synthase; ALDC: acetolactate Decarboxylase; PDC: pyruvate decarboxylase; AK: acetate kinase; OAD: oxaloacetate decarboxylase; PFL: pyruvate formate lyase; ALDH: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; ADH: alcohol dehydrogenase; DS: diacetyl synthase; DR: diacetyl reductase; BDH: 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; AAT: alcohol acyltransferase.