Table 2.
Within and between variations of COVID-19 vaccination policies’ panel data.
| Variables | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Observations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate of COVID-19 vaccination | overall | 16.14 | 15.20 | 0.00 | 99.90 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 6.00 | 0.00 | 61.14 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 13.97 | −45.01 | 62.94 | T = 7 | ||
| Number of days that COVID-19 vaccines were available to the general population | overall | 25.07 | 33.18 | 0.00 | 107.00 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 3.57 | 18.29 | 35.14 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 32.99 | −10.07 | 96.93 | T = 7 | ||
| Number of days of implementation of incentive policies | overall | 2.46 | 8.90 | 0.00 | 55.00 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 3.45 | 0.00 | 11.43 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 8.20 | −8.97 | 46.03 | T = 7 | ||
| ACIP VRS phasing | overall | 0.76 | 0.96 | 0.00 | 2.00 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 0.96 | 0.00 | 2.00 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0 | 0.76 | 0.76 | T = 7 | ||
| Biden support rate | overall | 0.34 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.92 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.92 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.34 | T = 7 | ||
| Number of nurse practitioners | overall | 54.29 | 155.66 | 0.23 | 3937.77 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 155.68 | 0.23 | 3937.77 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 54.29 | 54.29 | T = 7 | ||
| Unemployment rate | overall | 6.71 | 2.23 | 1.70 | 22.5 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 2.23 | 1.70 | 22.5 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 6.71 | 6.71 | T = 7 | ||
| Per capita income | overall | 25,074.69 | 5999.80 | 9688.43 | 66,518.36 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 6000.70 | 9688.43 | 66,518.36 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 25,074.69 | 25,074.69 | T = 7 | ||
| Percentage of adults with a bachelor’s degree | overall | 21.82 | 9.55 | 5.40 | 78.50 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 9.55 | 5.40 | 78.50 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 21.82 | 21.81 | T = 7 | ||
| Rate of BIPOC populations | overall | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.94 | N = 19,992 |
| between | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.94 | n = 2856 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.15 | T = 7 | ||
| Percentage of people aged 65 and above | overall | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.58 | N = 19,999 |
| between | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.58 | n = 2857 | ||
| within | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.19 | T = 7 |
Note: N represents the total observations in the panel data; n indicates the total number of counties in the panel data; T is the total number of periods in this panel data. The dataset is of panel data, and the dependent variable (rate of vaccinated population per county) and key independent variables (the number of days the vaccination was offered to the general population and of incentive policies) vary over both time and individual county. Within variation means the variation over time, given an individual county (if the within variation equals 0, it means that this variable is not time-sensitive in this study period); between variation represents variation across counties; overall variation is the variation over time and across counties. ACIP = CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; VRS = vaccine recommendations and schedules; BIPOC = Black, Indigenous, and people of color.