Table 4.
Plant | Biologically Active Compounds |
Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
Allium sativum | Allicin, alliin, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, Z-ajoene, S-allyl cysteine, S-propargyl-l-cysteine, S-allyl cysteine | Multiple anticancer effects and known molecular mechanisms of both crude extracts and individual compounds. Suppression of angiogenesis and migration in vivo. | [314] |
Arctium lappa | Arctigenin, lappaol F, stigmasterol ß-sitosterol | Suppression of growth, invasion, and migration of cancer cell lines. Inhibition of hippo-signaling pathway. Reduction in tumor growth in vivo. | [315,316,317] |
Centaurea solstitialis | Solstitialin A | Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in a panel of cancer cell models | [276,318] |
Ebenus boissieri | Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in human breast, cervical, and lung cancer cell lines. Induction of TNF-α expression. | [319,320,321] | |
Rosmarinus officinalis | Carnosol, carnosic acid, sageone, rosmarinic acid | Multiple antineoplastic effects in vitro and in vivo with known molecular mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation. | [322] |
Menyanthes trifoliata | Betulinic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid | Cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in grade IV glioma. No toxicity to normal human astrocytes. | [323] |
Vitis vinifera | Viniferin, resveratrol | Multiple anticancirogenic and antineoplastic effects with known molecular mechanisms. | [324,325] |
Viscum album | Iscodor, helixor A, lectins (ML-I, ML-II, and ML-III), viscotoxins, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds | Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. Immunomodulatory activity and reduction in cancer-related fatigue in clinical studies. Helixor A and Iscador are used in Europe as adjuvants in cancer therapy. | [326,327] |