Figure 3.

Estimates of the evolutionary rate (A) and MRCA age (B) for full genomes and four open reading frames (dataset D5) of the seasonal human coronavirus species. The black horizontal lines in (B) are the dates of first isolation for the 229E (1966), OC43 (1967), NL63 (2004), and HKU1 (2005). The WGS is missing data points for HKU1_all (collective for both genotypes) and HKU1_genotype B as sequences for HKU1_genotype B were all removed in the generation of recombination-free WGS dataset D5.