Table 3.

Summary of the anti-diabetic role of curcumin and the mechanism of action.

Model	Conc. of Curcumin	Increase	Decrease	No. of Mice/Rats Used	Route of Administration	Reference
Albino Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	0.5% of diet; 8 weeks	ATPase activity, PUFA/SFA ratio	Phospholipid, triglyceride, kidney weight, renal lesion progression, renal damage, urine ALT and AST, kidney alkaline and acid phosphatase, glucose-6- phosphatase	48	Intraperitoneal	[170]
Albino Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	300 mg/kg b.w./day for 8 weeks	Creatinine, kidney SOD activity, kidney catalase activity	Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, body weight, kidney lipid peroxidation	10	Intraperitoneal	[171]
Wistar Rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	80 mg/kg b.w./day; 45 days	Insulin, SOD, catalase, GPx activity, glutathione-S-transferase	Glucose, lipid peroxidation, TBARS, H2O2	24	Intraperitoneal	[172]
Sprague–Dawley rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	15 and 30 mg/kg b.w./day; 2 weeks	Creatinine clearance, SOD activity, catalase activity	Glucose, creatinine, renal changes, oxidative stress, urine albumin, proteinuria, lipid peroxidation, MDA	N/A	Intraperitoneal	[173]
Wistar-NIN rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	0.01% curcumin; 8 weeks	SOD activity, pancreas catalase activity	Glucose, insulin, TBARS, pancreas SOD activity, glutathione-S-transferase activity	32	Intraperitoneal	[174]
Sprague–Dawley rats with Streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetes	50 mg/kg b.w./day; 6 weeks	Albumin, acetyl-histone H3, phospho-histone H3	Urea, creatinine, HSP-27 protein, p38 protein	12	Intraperitoneal	[175]
C57/BL6J mice with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	7.5 mg/kg b.w./day; 10 h prior to STZ	Insulin, glucose clearance, GLUT2 mRNA	Glucose, IL-16, TNF-α, pancreatic IL-6	N/A	Intraperitoneal	[176]
Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	80 mg/kg b.w./day; 45 day	Insulin, SOD activity, CAT activity, GPx activity, glutathione activity	Kidney and liver: morphological changes, oxidative stress, TBARS, HP	30	Intraperitoneal	[177]
Swiss albino mice with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes	10 mM; 10 µL/mouse i.p.; 28 days and 106 BMCs, a single injection	Insulin, islet regeneration, SOD activity, catalase activity, GPx activity	Glucose, MDA levels	40	Intraperitoneal	[178]
Wistar rats with alloxan-induced diabetes	0.08 mg/kg b.w./day; 21 days	Hemoglobin, glutathione, GPx activity	Glucose, HbA1c, TBARS, SDH activity	36	Oral	[179]
Wistar rats with alloxan-induced diabetes	0.1 mg/kg b.w.; 2 h		Glucose	N/A	Oral	[180]