Table 1.

Brain and nervous-system complications following Viperidae envenoming.

Complications	Snake Species	Sex/Age	Bite Mark	Other Symptoms	Presuming Venom Components	Outcome	Antivenom/Amount	Ref.
Cerebral infarction	Bothrops lanceolatus (Fer-de-Lance)	M/74	Elbow	Atrial fibrillation	SVMPs, Hemotoxin	Dead	IV Antivenom/80 mL	[11]
Cerebral infarction	Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Asian palm pit viper)	F/49	Foot	Speech disturbances	SVMPs, Hemotoxin,	Recovered	IV Antivenom/3 vials	[18]
Intracranial hemorrhage	Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacussu)	M/52	Foot	Sudden loss of consciousness	SVMPs, Hemotoxin	Recovered	IV Antivenom/Unclear	[10]
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Bothrops atrox (Fer-de-Lance)	F/59	Foot	Hypothermia, Bradycardia and Hypotension	SVMPs, Hemotoxin	Dead	IV Antivenom/80 mL	[19]
Cerebral edema and hemorrhage	Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake)	M/54	Hand	Facial fasciculations	SVMPs, Hemotoxin, Neurotoxin	Dead	IV Antivenom/16 vials	[14]
Intracranial hemorrhage	Unidentified species	F/48	Hand	Exotropia	SVMPs, Hemotoxin,	Recover with minor visual complication	IV Antivenom/Unclear	[20]
ADEM	Deinagkistrodon acutus	M/50	Foot	Severe pain	SVMPs, Hemotoxin	Recovered	IV Antivenom/1 vial	[21]

ADEM: Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis; AHL: Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis; SVMPs: Snake-venom metalloproteinases; PLA₂: Phospholipase A2.