Table 3:
Adjusted* prevalence odds ratios for the most common endoscopic diagnoses. NR, not recorded; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
| Total | Normal endoscopy | Esophageal cancer | Esophageal varices | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||
| n | n | OR | CI | p | n | OR | CI | p | n | OR | CI | p | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Female | 443 | 193 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 88 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 74 | 1.00 | -- | -- |
| Male | 582 | 181 | 0.65 | 0.48-0.89 | 0.01 | 183 | 1.52 | 1.02-2.27 | 0.04 | 99 | 0.94 | 0.60-1.48 | 0.79 |
| NR | 9 | 3 | 0.32 | 0.04-2.34 | 0.26 | 3 | 0.86 | 0.09-8.65 | 0.90 | 1 | 5.57 | 0.61-50.75 | 0.13 |
| Age | |||||||||||||
| For each 10-year increase | -- | -- | 0.76 | 0.68-0.84 | 0.00 | -- | 1.23 | 1.09-1.39 | 0.00 | -- | 0.91 | 0.78-1.06 | 0.23 |
| Primary indication | |||||||||||||
| Dyspepsia | 168 | 136 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 2 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 10 | 1.00 | -- | -- |
| Dysphagia | 385 | 56 | 0.06 | 0.04-0.11 | 0.00 | 251 | 110.18 | 26.51-457.82 | 0.00 | 9 | 0.46 | 0.18-1.22 | 0.12 |
| Epigastric pain | 170 | 104 | 0.41 | 0.25-0.69 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.08 | 0.37-11.58 | 0.40 | 5 | 0.49 | 0.16-1.49 | 0.21 |
| Hematemesis | 217 | 42 | 0.06 | 0.03-0.10 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.78 | 0.11-5.64 | 0.81 | 140 | 33.04 | 15.95-68.41 | 0.00 |
| Other | 66 | 30 | 0.28 | 0.15-0.55 | 0.00 | 8 | 9.23 | 1.86-45.74 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.91 | 0.24-3.47 | 0.89 |
| NR | 28 | 9 | 0.15 | 0.06-0.37 | 0.00 | 7 | 23.86 | 4.56-124.76 | 0.00 | 7 | 5.20 | 1.68-16.12 | 0.00 |
| District | |||||||||||||
| Lilongwe | 252 | 88 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 44 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 112 | 1.00 | -- | -- |
| Other | 782 | 289 | 0.88 | 0.61-1.28 | 0.51 | 230 | 1.83 | 1.12-2.99 | 0.02 | 62 | 1.12 | 0.68-1.83 | 0.65 |
*
Odds ratios are adjusted for all other variables displayed in the table.