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. 2022 Jun 29;14(7):1431. doi: 10.3390/v14071431

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Number of amino acid differences of Egyptian H5N8 from 2017 to 2021 compared to selected vaccine strains. HA sequences of viruses isolated from 2017 (blue), 2018 (green), 2019 (orange), 2020 (pink) and 2021 (red) were compared to vaccine strains. Clade 2.3.4.4 EGY16/H5N8 (upper left) and Re8 (upper right) are commonly used in poultry in Egypt, while historic H5N2 virus-based vaccines (lower panels) are less used. Although clade 2.3.4.4 viruses are closely related to the Egyptian viruses, there is an increasing number of aa differences in the Egyptian H5N8 viruses particularly from 2020/2021 compared to the H5N2 vaccines. For the abbreviations of the vaccine strains, refer to Table 2.