FIGURE 1.

Experimental design. Four genotypes of Daphnia magna, previously resurrected from dormant embryos, were used for transgenerational exposures to five chemicals: PFOS (70 ng L⁻¹), diclofenac (2 mg L⁻¹), trimethoprim (2 mg L⁻¹), atrazine (0.2 mg L⁻¹) and arsenic (1,000 µg L⁻¹). The four genotypes were resurrected from different times in the past, and were either “naïve” (black ‐ LRII36_1 [<1950] and blue, LRV12_3 [1960–1970]) or experienced (green, LRV8.5_3 [1980–1990] and red, LRV0_1 [>1999)] to chemicals. The clonal lines from the four genotypes were maintained in common garden conditions for at least two generations before the experiment to control for maternal effect. Five clonal replicates of each genotype, randomly selected from the control environment, were exposed to the five chemicals for three generations (G). Coloured squares represent genotypes at each generation (G). Some genotypes went extinct in G2 and G3