Teleomorph characters

Insect host

1. Lepidoptera (pupa,larva) .................................................................................................3, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22

Stromata

1. Number

a. Fasciculate ................................................................................................................................................3, 13, 20, 22 b. Several ...................................................................................................................................................................5 c. Solitary or two ........................................................................................................................................................8 d. Solitary or Several ...................................................................................................................................................18 e. Solitary ....................................................................................................................................................................14 f. Two to five ................................................................................................................................................................15

2. Size (long)

a. 10~20 mm ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 b. 15~40 mm .......................................................................................................................................................8, 14, 20 c. 20~70 mm ..............................................................................................................................................3, 13, 15, 18, 22

3. Shape

a. Cylindrical to clavate, branches .........................................................................................................................3, 13 b. Cylindrical, unbranches .............................................................................................................................................5 c. Cylindrical, unbranches or dichotomous ..............................................................................................................18 d. Crista-like, much branched .......................................................................................................................................8 e. Cylindrical to clavate, bifurcated ...........................................................................................................................14 f. Palmately branched ..................................................................................................................................................15 g. Fascicular, multi-branched, often confluent at the base .....................................................................................20 h. Unbranched or dichotomous ...................................................................................................................................22

Fertile parts

1. Shape

a. Clavate to fake-like ....................................................................................................................................................3 b. Clavate ...............................................................................................................................................................5, 14, 15 c. Clavate to subulate ....................................................................................................................................................18 d. Crista-like or subulate .........................................................................................................................................8, 22 e. Having no obvious boundary with stipes, with a tapering sterile part ...........................................................20

2. Colour

a. Orange red ................................................................................................................................................................13 b. Orange to orange red ................................................................................................................................................3 c. Scarlet ..........................................................................................................................................................................5 d. Reddish orange ........................................................................................................................................8, 14, 15, 18 e. White to pale brown ..........................................................................................................................................20, 22

Perithecia

1. shape

a. Superficial, ovoid ........................................................................................................................................................13 b. Superficial, fusiform ................................................................................................................................................3 c. Superficial, oblong-ovate to fusiform ...................................................................................................................5 d. Superficial, narrowly ovoid ..................................................................................................................................8 e. Superficial, narrowly ovoid to fusiform ....................................................................................14, 15, 18, 20, 22

2. Length

a. 280~450 µm ................................................................................................................................................3, 14, 18, 20 b. 330~470 µm ..........................................................................................................................................................15, 22 c. 370~490 µm ........................................................................................................................................................5, 8, 13

3. Width

a. 110~210 µm ......................................................................................................................................... 14, 15, 18, 20 b. 130~250 µm ................................................................................................................................................3, 5, 8, 22 c. 200~260 µm ..............................................................................................................................................................13

Asci

1. Shape

a. Cylindrical, eight-spored, hyaline ...........................................................................................3, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 22

2. Length

a. 150~300 µm ............................................................................................................................................3, 13, 14, 22 b. 160~360 µm .....................................................................................................................................................5, 8, 15

3. Width

a. 2~3 µm ................................................................................................................................................................3, 13 b. 2.5~4 µm .................................................................................................................................................................22 c. 3~5 µm .......................................................................................................................................................5, 8, 14, 15

Ascospores

1. Shape

a. Bola-shaped, septate, central part fliform, terminal part narrowly fusiform .....................3, 5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 22

2. Length

a. 110~185 µm ................................................................................................................................................................3 b. 120~300 µm .....................................................................................................................................5, 8, 13, 14, 15, 22

3. Width

a. 0.5~1.0 µm ......................................................................................................................................................... 5, 13 b. 0.8~1.5 µm ............................................................................................................................................3, 8, 14, 15, 22

Anamorph characters

Insect host

1. Lepidoptera (pupa, larva) .................................................................................1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23 2. Dermaptera ................................................................................................................................................................21 3. Coleoptera (Snout beetle) .....................................................................................................................................6, 7 4. Hymenoptera (bee) ....................................................................................................................................................12 5. Araneae .......................................................................................................................................................................9

Synnemata

1. Present ......................................................................................................................................2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 21, 23

Irregularly branched ................................................................................................................................2, 4, 6, 10, 21 b. Branched or unbranched ........................................................................................................................................11 c. Gregarious ................................................................................................................................................................23

2. Not observed ..............................................................................................................................1, 7, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19

Cultural characteristics on PDA

1. Growth rate on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk

a. Relatively rapid (>60 mm diam) ..........................................................................................................................12 b. Moderate (30–60 mm diam) ...........................................................................................2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, 17, 21, 23 c. Slow (<30 mm diam) ......................................................................................................................................4, 10, 19

2. Conidiophores

a. Biverticillate ............................................................................................................................................................2 b. Solitary .............................................................................................................................................................11, 19 c. Solitary or verticillate .........................................................................................................6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 23 d. Verticillate .......................................................................................................................................................1, 4, 17

3. Phialides number in a whorls

a. 2–4 ..............................................................................................................................................................1, 4, 7, 9, 16 b. 2–5 ...........................................................................................................................................................6, 10, 11, 21 c. 2–7 .......................................................................................................................................................................2, 23 b. 2–9 .....................................................................................................................................................................17, 19 e. 3–4 .............................................................................................................................................................................12

4. Shape of conidia

a. fusiform or oval ............................................................................................................................2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 23 b. fusiform, ellipsoidal or subglobose ..........................................................................................................................7 c. fusiform to subglobose ............................................................................................................................................16 d. fusiform ..............................................................................................................................................................17, 19 e. ellipsoidal to fusiform, sometimes lemon-shaped ...................................................................................................1 f. oblong to cylindrical ..................................................................................................................................................9 g. spherical, elliptical or fusiform .................................................................................................................................21

Key to Samsoniella species

Sexual state present .........................................................................................................................................................1

Sexual state not observed ................................................................................................................................................5

1a. Stromata fasciculate ...................................................................................................................................................2   1b. Stromata not fasciculate ...........................................................................................................................................4   2a. Stromata cylindrical to clavate, branches ..........................................................................................................................3   2b. Stromata fascicular, multi-branched, often confluent at the base ..................................................................S. ramosa   2c. Stromata unbranched or dichotomous .........................................................................................................S. tortricidae   3a. Fertile parts clavate to fake-like, orange to orange red; Perithecia superficial, fusiform .......................S. antleroides   3b. Fertile parts clavate, orange red; Perithecia superficial, ovoid ..............................................................S. inthanonensis   4a. Stromata several, cylindrical, unbranches; Fertile parts clavate, scarlet .....................................................S. cardinalis   4b. Stromata solitary or two, crista-like, much branched; Fertile parts crista-like or subulate, reddish orange; Ascospores 155–290 × 1.0–1.3 μm ...................................................................................................................................S. cristata   4c. Stromata solitary or several, cylindrical, unbranches or dichotomous; Fertile parts clavate to subulate, reddish orange; No mature ascospores were observed ........................................................................................S. pseudotortricidae   4d. Stromata solitary, cylindrical to clavate, bifurcated; Fertile parts clavate, reddish orange; Ascospores 127–190 × 0.5–1.5 μm ..........................................................................................................................................................S. kunmingensis   4e. Stromata two to five, palmately, branched; Fertile parts clavate, reddish orange; Ascospores 135–260 × 0.9–1.4 μm .................................................................................................................................................................................S. lanmaoa   5a. Synnemata Present .................................................................................................................................................................6   5b. Synnemata not observed ......................................................................................................................................................11   6a. Synnemata irregularly branched ..........................................................................................................................................7   6b. Synnemata branched or unbranched; Conidiophores solitary, with phialides in whorls of two to five ...................................................................................................................................................................................S. hepiali   6c. Synnemata gregarious; Conidiophores solitary or verticillate, with phialides in whorls of two to seven .....................................................................................................................................................................S. yunnanensis   7a. Colonies on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk growing moderate (30–60 mm diam) ......................................................................8   7b. Colonies on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk growing slow (<30 mm diam) ................................................................................10   8a. Conidiophores biverticillate....................................................................................................................................S. alpina   8b. Conidiophores solitary or verticillate ................................................................................................................................9   9a. Conidia fusiform or oval, 1.8–3.0 × 1.3–2.0 μm .....................................................................................S. coccinellidicola   9b. Conidia spherical, elliptical or fusiform, 2.0–3.1 × 1.3–1.9 μm .........................................................................S. sinensis   10a. Conidiophores solitary or verticillate, with phialides in whorls of two to five; Conidia fusiform or oval, 2.3–3.7 × 1.2–2.8 μm ...................................................................................................................................................................S. haniana   10b. Conidiophores verticillate, with phialides in whorls of two to four; Conidia fusiform or oval, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5 μm .................................................................................................................................................................................S. aurantia   11a. Colonies on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk growing relatively rapid (>60 mm diam) ..............................S. hymenopterorum   11b. Colonies on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk growing moderate (30–60 mm diam) ..................................................................12   11c. Colonies on PDA at 25 °C at 2 wk growing slow (<30 mm diam) ...............................................................S. pupicola   12a. Conidiophores verticillate ...............................................................................................................................................13   12b. Conidiophores solitary or verticillate ............................................................................................................................14   13a. Have phialides in whorls of two to four; Conidia ellipsoidal to fusiform, sometimes lemon-shaped, 2.0–3.0 × 1.0–1.8 μm ..........................................................................................................................................................S. alboaurantium   13b. Have phialides in whorls of two to nine; Conidia fusiform, 2.8–3.2 × 1.7–2.1 μm .............................S. pseudogunii   14a. Conidia fusiform, ellipsoidal or subglobose, 1.7–2.5 × 1.2–1.8 μm ...................................................S. coleopterorum   14b. Conidia oblong to cylindrical, 1.6–2.8 × 0.6–1.2 μm ..................................................................................S. farinospora   14c. Conidia fusiform to subglobose, 2.0–2.5 × 1.2–2.0 μm .......................................................................S. lepidopterorum