Table 1.

Statistical evaluation based on the Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparison and post hoc Dun’s tests for pairwise comparison, percentual change derived from medians, algorithms used relative concentrations of metabolites in blood plasma.

	Kruskal–Wallis	A-Controls		B-Controls		C-Controls
	p Value	p Value	% Change	p Value	% Change	p Value	% Change
alanine	0.0071	0.0031	−15	0.85	x	0.71	x
valine	0.00082	0.00099	15	0.00051	16	0.012	x
glucose	0.00011	6.3 × 10−6	54	0.20	21	0.15	26
leucine	8.4 × 10−7	9.6 × 10−7	37	0.00077	15	0.63	x
isoleucine	2.6 × 10−7	2.6 × 10−8	32	0.00029	21	0.0016	17
acetate	0.0000092	0.00037	−25	2.5 × 10−5	−28	5.2 × 10−5	−28
pyruvate	0.000020	4.4 × 10−6	−28	0.0066	−16	0.00049	−26
citrate	6.4 × 10−10	0.041	x	0.00030	−26	0.00078	21
phenylalanine	1.1 × 10−14	2.4 × 10−9	77	7.6 × 10−8	49	0.40	x
tyrosine	0.000051	0.042	x	6.1 × 10−6	22	0.52	x
glutamine	0.0089	0.024	−15	0.24	x	0.17	x
lipoproteins	1.1 × 10−16	1.4 × 10−13	−75	1.9 × 10−13	−77	0.00014	−54
ketoleucine	0.00036	3.0 × 10−5	29	0.37	x	0.060	x
ketoisoleucine	0.00025	6.5 × 10−5	37	0.059	x	0.0011	19
ketovaline	0.043	0.0057	20	0.11	x	0.090	x
3-hydroxy-butyrate	1.6 × 10−12	9.3 × 10−14	261	8.4 × 10−6	34	0.0010	24
creatine	0.0028	0.82	x	0.00067	25	0.81	x
creatinine	0.0025	0.0040	39	0.052	x	0.00066	22
histidine	4.0 × 10−10	5.8 × 10−10	−29	0.00026	−15	2.8 × 10−7	−26
succinate	0.0013	0.0083	28	0.023	x	0.00020	48
proline	3.3 × 10−8	8.6 × 10−9	−30	0.00018	−22	0.14	x