Table 1.

Description of the four key areas of the “E-nabling Digital Co-production” Framework

The ‘E-nabling Digital Co-production’ Framework
Key area	Description
Technological	Technological considerations include assessment of the constraints, preferences, and opportunities that technology can provide Preferences: ● How are preferences and any support needs identified by public contributors communicated with researchers? Power: ● What is the potential for shared decision-making regarding the use of technology, including functional and operational components? ● To what extent are technological considerations revisited regularly with public contributors recognising the fast pace of developments in online collaborative platforms? ● What potential exists for supporting researchers, PPI staff and public contributors to develop confidence in using online methods?
Resources	Resources were considered at a personal or a more mechanistic level Personal: ● Consideration of increased emotional toll with online involvement, with recognition of increasing fatigue and additional personal resilience often required for negotiating challenging work within a virtual context Professional resources: ● Both payment for lived experience input and increased demands on those delivering PPI online Preparation: ● Are additional requirements planned from the outset? These could include additional facilitation roles, onboarding sessions, costs of coproduction platforms, phone credit/printing etc./software, budgeting for an increased frequency but shorter meetings ● Wider resources may include additional training for researchers, PPI staff and public contributors to support the use of new technology
Involvementability	‘Involvementability’ is offered as an example of a non-functional requirement, a concept that aims to describe requirements that are related to the success of a design task or process but are not integral to its content [22] Process: ● How does the nature of involvement method or process itself impact on the extent that meaningful involvement can be achieved? ● How do codesign methods differ in a digital space? Product: ● How does the area of health research itself impact on the extent that involvement can easily translate to a digital space, such as exploring digital health interventions may be facilitated or made more complex through online involvement? Population: ● How easily will ‘involvement’ translate online for different populations?
Ethical and Welfare	How does digital PPI interact with a range of areas including: ● Welfare of public contributors ● Digital exclusion ● Impact of digital engagement on social communication ● Power ● Safeguarding ● Privacy, confidentiality, and data security