Indices
$R$	Set of raw materials (RMs) indexed by r
$S$	Set of suppliers indexed by s
$I$	Set of manufacturers indexed by i
$J$	Set of DCs indexed by j
$K$	Set of customers indexed by k
$C$	Set of CCs indexed by c
$Q$	Set of RECs indexed by q
$H$	Set of SMs indexed by h
$B$	Set of RCCs indexed by b
$D$	Set of disposal centers indexed by d
$T$	Set of manufacturing technologies indexed by t
$N$	Set of countries in which international suppliers are located indexed by $n$
$F$	Set of information-sharing systems (ISS) indexed by f
Parameters
${\mathit{SF}}_{\mathit{sn}}$	Cost of contracting with supplier s located country n
${\mathit{MFX}}_{\mathit{it}}$	Fixed-Cost (FC) of opening manufacturer i by technology t
${\mathit{DFX}}_j$	FC of opening DC j
${\mathit{CFX}}_c$	FC of opening CC c
${\mathit{RFX}}_q$	FC of opening REC q
${\mathit{BFX}}_b$	FC of opening RCC b
${\mathit{IFX}}_f$	FC of establishing ISS f
${\mathit{RPC}}_{\mathit{rs}}$	Cost of buying raw material r from supplier s located in country n
${\mathit{MC}}_{\mathit{it}}$	Manufacturing cost for technology t in manufacturer i
${\mathit{DOC}}_j$	Operation costs of DC j
${\mathit{COC}}_c$	Operation costs of CC c
${\mathit{COR}}_q$	Cost of repairing products in REC q
${\mathit{COB}}_b$	Cost of recycling components in RCC b
$\mathit{SHC}$	The shortage cost
${\mathit{CDR}}_{\mathit{rn}}$	Customs duty rate of RM r supplied from a supplier located in country n (it is equal to zero for the domestic suppliers)
${\mathit{EXR}}_n$	Exchange rate of the currency of country n (it is equal to 1 for the domestic suppliers)
$\mathit{TC}$	Unit of transportation cost
${\mathit{SMP}}_h$	The selling price of components in SM h
$\mathit{pr}$	The selling price for recycled material
${\mathit{SC}}_{\mathit{snr}}$	The capacity of supplier s located in country n for RM r
${\mathit{MC}}_{\mathit{it}}$	The capacity of manufacturer i with technology t
${\mathit{CDC}}_j$	The capacity of DC j
${\mathit{CPC}}_c$	The capacity of CC c
${\mathit{CPR}}_q$	The capacity of REC q
${\mathit{CPB}}_b$	The capacity of RCC b
${\mathit{DMP}}_k$	The demand of customers k
${\mathit{dis}}_{e{e}^{{}^{\prime }}}$	Distance between facility $e$ and facility $e^{{}^{\prime }}$;$e,e^{{}^{\prime }}\in \left\{s,,,i,,,j,,,k,,,c,,,d,,,h,,,q,,,b\right\}$
${\sigma }_r$	The utilization rate of raw material r in the product
${\phi }_k$	Rate of return of products for customers k
$\beta$	The percentage of the repairable returned products
$\delta$	The percentage of components that are successfully recycled
$\omega$	The quantity of materials obtained from recycling the product
${\mathit{ME}}_{\mathit{it}}$	Carbon emission due to the manufacturing process in manufacturer i using technology t
${\mathit{RE}}_q$	Carbon emission due to the repairing process in REC q
${\mathit{BE}}_b$	Carbon emission due to the recycling process in RCC b
$\mathit{TE}$	Carbon emission due to the transportation process
${\mathit{JC}}_e$	The job opportunity created by establishing a facility $e\in \left\{s,,,i,,,j,,,c,,,q,,,b\right\}$
${\mathit{IE}}_f$	The percent of the information that can be exchanged in the whole SC network using ISS f
Decision variables
${\mathit{SZ}}_{\mathit{sn}}$	A binary variable that shows whether supplier s located country n is selected or not
${\mathit{MZ}}_{\mathit{it}}$	A binary variable that shows whether manufacturer i with technology t is opened or not
${\mathit{DZ}}_j$	A binary variable that shows whether DC j is opened or not
${\mathit{CZ}}_c$	A binary variable that shows whether CC c is opened or not
${\mathit{RZ}}_q$	A binary variable that shows whether REC q is opened or not
${\mathit{BZ}}_b$	A binary variable that shows whether RCC b is opened or not
${\mathit{IZ}}_f$	A binary variable that shows whether ISS f is established or not
${\mathit{ZSM}}_{\mathit{rsni}}$	The quantity of RM r sent from supplier s located in country n to manufacturer i
${\mathit{ZMD}}_{\mathit{ijt}}$	The quantity of product sent from manufacturer i with technology t to DC j
${\mathit{ZDP}}_{\mathit{jk}}$	The quantity of product sent from DC j to customers k
${\mathit{ZDC}}_{\mathit{kc}}$	The quantity of returned product sent from customers k to CC c
${\mathit{ZCR}}_{\mathit{cq}}$	The quantity of products sent from CC c to REC q
${\mathit{ZCB}}_{\mathit{cb}}$	The quantity of products sent from CC c to RCC b
${\mathit{ZRS}}_{\mathit{qh}}$	The quantity of repaired products sent from REC q to SM h
${\mathit{ZBD}}_{\mathit{bd}}$	The quantity of wastes sent from RCC b to disposal center d
${\mathit{ZBS}}_{\mathit{bsn}}$	The quantity of recycled materials sent from RCC b to supplier s located in country n
${\mathit{KMK}}_k$	The quantity of shortage for the customers k
${\mathit{VSI}}_f$	The quantity of visibility of information in the supply chain networks when ISS f is established
$\alpha$	The service level