Table 3.
Childbirth and neonatal outcomes between IG and CG.
| Intervention Group (n = 69) | Control Group (n = 70) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fetal heart rate (bpm) | 137.38 ± 12.50 | 136.72 ± 8.75 | 0.734 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3197.85 ± 423.95 | 3187.75 ± 462.37 | 0.896 |
| Birth length (cm) | 49.94 ± 2.06 | 49.57 ± 2.15 | 0.329 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 34.27 ± 1.40 | 34.28 ± 1.35 | 0.981 |
| a Apgar 1 | 8.81 ± 0.63 | 8.71 ± 1.01 | 0.527 |
| a Apgar 5 | 9.93 ± 0.26 | 9.80 ± 0.58 | 0.104 |
| Umbilical cord Ph | 7.24 ± 0.07 | 7.23 ± 0.08 | 0.610 |
| Weight at hospital discharge (g) | 3003.33 ± 417.94 | 2976.87 ± 466.89 | 0.747 |
| Sex (n/%) | |||
| Male | 29/42.0 | 37/52.9 | |
| Female | 40/58.0 | 33/47.1 | 0.201 |
| Gestational age of delivery (n/%) | |||
| Full term ≥ 37 wk | 63/94.0 | 61/88.4 | |
| Preterm < 37 wk | 4/6.0 | 8/11.6 | 0.248 |
| Stratified birth weight (n/%) | |||
| Low < 2500 g | 3/4.3 | 10/14.3 | |
| Adequate (2500–4000 g) | 64/92.8 | 54/77.1 | |
| Macrosomia (>4000 g) | 2/2.9 | 6/8.6 | 0.037 |
| NICU (n/%) | |||
| No | 60/87.0 | 50/71.4 | |
| Yes | 9/13.0 | 20/28.6 | 0.024 |
a APGAR appraises the newborn’s heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, color, and respiratory effort [63].