TABLE 5.
Risk of motor neurone disease with emotional trauma in a population‐based case–control study, New Zealand, 2013–2016
| Exposure | All cases/controls (321/605) N % | OR | 95% CI | OR1 | 95% CI | Male cases/controls (203/332) N % | OR | 95% CI | OR1 | 95% CI | Female cases/controls (118/273) N % | OR | 95% CI | OR1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional trauma (life events) | |||||||||||||||
| Never | 77/169 (24/28) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 56/102 (28/31) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 21/67 (18/25) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| Ever | 244/436 (76/72) | 1.23 | 0.89, 1.71 | 1.17 | 0.84, 1.63 | 147/230 (72/69) | 1.14 | 0.76, 1.71 | 1.11 | 0.74, 1.69 | 97/206 (82/75) | 1.41 | 0.79, 2.49 | 1.27 | 0.71, 2.28 |
| Number of different categories of life events reported | |||||||||||||||
| None | 77/169 (24/28) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 56/102 (28/31) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 21/67 (18/25) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| One | 68/194 (21/32) | 0.78 | 0.53, 1.17 | 0.77 | 0.52, 1.15 | 42/101 (21/31) | 0.71 | 0.43, 1.18 | 0.71 | 0.42, 1.19 | 26/90 (22/33) | 0.87 | 0.44, 1.72 | 0.82 | 0.41, 1.64 |
| Two | 76/114 (24/19) | 1.55 | 1.02, 2.34* | 1.51 | 1.00, 2.29* | 51/54 (25/16) | 1.8 | 1.06, 3.06* | 1.84 | 1.08, 3.15* | 25/60 (21/22) | 1.22 | 0.60, 2.49 | 1.11 | 0.54, 2.29 |
| Three | 36/57 (11/9) | 1.28 | 0.77, 2.15 | 1.23 | 0.73, 2.07 | 21/38 (10/11) | 0.89 | 0.46, 1.72 | 0.84 | 0.43, 1.63 | 15/19 (13/7) | 2.31 | 0.95, 5.62 | 2.37 | 0.96, 5.82 |
| Four or more | 64/71 (20/12) | 2.06 | 1.30, 3.26* | 1.88 | 1.17, 3.03* | 33/34 (16/10) | 1.81 | 0.97, 3.39 | 1.76 | 0.92, 3.34 | 31/37 (26/14) | 2.79 | 1.32, 5.88* | 2.30 | 1.06, 5.00* |
| Life event categories | |||||||||||||||
| Life‐threatening illness | 113/183 (35/30) | 1.34 | 1.00, 1.81* | 1.26 | 0.92, 1.71 | 69/109 (34/33) | 1.16 | 0.79, 1.71 | 1.12 | 0.74, 1.68 | 44/74 (37/27) | 1.58 | 0.97, 2.56 | 1.37 | 0.81, 2.31 |
| Life‐threatening accident | 62/99 (19/16) | 1.10 | 0.76, 1.60 | 0.88 | 0.59, 1.30 | 47/66 (23/20) | 1.09 | 0.70, 1.72 | 0.94 | 0.58, 1.53 | 15/33 (13/12) | 1.34 | 0.67, 2.69 | 1.03 | 0.47, 2.27 |
| Physically forced in a robbery | 22/20 (7/3) | 2.04 | 1.06, 3.91* | 1.90 | 0.95, 3.80 | 16/17 (8/5) | 1.67 | 0.79, 3.53 | 1.65 | 0.73, 3.73 | 6/3 (5/1) | 5.22 | 1.18, 23.11* | 4.44 | 0.87, 22.71 |
| Loss of close relation to accident/homicide/suicide | 81/113 (25/19) | 1.46 | 1.04, 2.05* | 1.39 | 0.98, 1.98 | 48/60 (24/18) | 1.50 | 0.95, 2.35 | 1.32 | 0.81, 2.13 | 33/53 (28/19) | 1.51 | 0.89, 2.55 | 1.64 | 0.92, 2.92 |
| Miscarriage (women only) | 44/75 (37/27) | 1.65 | 1.01, 2.70* | 1.58 | 0.92, 2.72 | ||||||||||
| Physically forced to have sex | 14/28 (4/5) | 1.01 | 0.50, 2.02 | 0.77 | 0.36, 1.64 | 3/4 (1/1) | 1.26 | 0.27, 5.97 | 1.53 | 0.27, 8.63 | 11/24 (9/9) | 1.10 | 0.49, 2.49 | 0.58 | 0.22, 1.55 |
| Sexual harassment | 24/46 (7/8) | 1.08 | 0.63, 1.85 | 0.80 | 0.45, 1.43 | 6/10 (3/3) | 1.07 | 0.37, 3.14 | 0.86 | 0.26, 2.79 | 18/36 (15/13) | 1.10 | 0.58, 2.12 | 0.74 | 0.35, 1.55 |
| Been beaten in childhood | 57/52 (18/9) | 2.13 | 1.40, 3.25* | 1.82 | 1.14, 2.90* | 36/31 (18/9) | 2.13 | 1.22, 3.71* | 2.10 | 1.16, 3.83* | 21/21 (18/8) | 2.61 | 1.30, 5.24* | 2.06 | 0.88, 4.82 |
| Been beaten in adulthood | 37/44 (12/7) | 1.48 | 0.91, 2.41 | 1.04 | 0.61, 1.77 | 23/20 (11/6) | 1.82 | 0.94, 3.53 | 1.43 | 0.71, 2.91 | 14/24 (12/9) | 1.04 | 0.47, 2.26 | 0.53 | 0.20, 1.40 |
| Bullied by a close relation | 49/59 (15/10) | 1.73 | 1.13, 2.65* | 1.44 | 0.88, 2.34 | 20/23 (9/7) | 1.31 | 0.68, 2.53 | 1.10 | 0.54, 2.25 | 29/36 (25/13) | 2.09 | 1.16, 3.77* | 1.81 | 0.87, 3.78 |
| Threatened with a weapon | 30/54 (9/9) | 0.93 | 0.57, 1.53 | 0.64 | 0.37, 1.10 | 18/36 (9/11) | 0.66 | 0.35, 1.25 | 0.42 | 0.21, 0.87 | 12/18 (10/7) | 1.64 | 0.71, 3.79 | 1.15 | 0.43, 3.12 |
| Witness of killing/serious injury/assault | 60/69 (19/11) | 1.64 | 1.11, 2.44* | 1.40 | 0.91, 2.16 | 43/53 (21/16) | 1.44 | 0.89, 2.31 | 1.32 | 0.79, 2.22 | 17/16 (14/6) | 2.94 | 1.35, 6.42* | 2.68 | 1.06, 6.76* |
| Seriously injured or life was in danger | 22/37 (7/6) | 1.15 | 0.65, 2.03 | 1.06 | 0.58, 1.95 | 16/23 (8/7) | 1.21 | 0.60, 2.43 | 1.29 | 0.60, 2.77 | 6/14 (5/5) | 0.90 | 0.31, 2.60 | 0.40 | 0.11, 1.43 |
| Extremely frightening situation | 48/61 (15/10) | 1.47 | 0.97, 2.23 | 1.21 | 0.77, 1.92 | 28/36 (14/11) | 1.17 | 0.67, 2.03 | 0.92 | 0.50, 1.69 | 20/25 (17/9) | 1.90 | 0.97, 3.70 | 1.43 | 0.66, 3.13 |
OR adjusted age, gender (for analyses combining males and females), education, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), smoking, alcohol consumption.
OR1 adjusted age, gender (for analyses combining males and females), education, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), smoking, alcohol consumption, sport, head injury, spine injury, and mutually adjusted for other emotional traumas (for analyses on specific life event categories only).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
*
p < .05.