. 2022 May 9;24(7):1338–1350. doi: 10.1111/dom.14710

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics by study and subgroup

Trial	Subgroup	Patients, N	Mean age, y	Mean duration of diabetes, y	Mean HbA1c, %	Mean body weight, kg
Age
PIONEER 1	<45 years	130	38	1.8	8.0	99.9
	≥45–<65 years	430	55	3.2	8.0	87.7
	≥65 years	143	69	6.2	7.8	78.7
PIONEER 2	<45 years	94	40	4.1	8.4	101.1
	≥45–<65 years	512	56	6.6	8.2	92.3
	≥65 years	215	69	10.8	7.9	85.9
PIONEER 3	<45 years	183	39	4.8	8.4	102.1
	≥45–<65 years	1179	56	8.2	8.4	91.7
	≥65 years	501	69	11.0	8.1	86.2
PIONEER 4	<45 years	86	40	5.3	8.1	100.5
	≥45–<65 years	475	55	7.0	8.0	94.9
	≥65 years	150	69	10.9	7.8	87.5
PIONEER 5	<45 years	–	–	–	–	–
	≥45–<65 years	65	59	11.1	8.0	102.7
	≥65 years	259	73	14.7	8.0	87.8
PIONEER 7	<45 years	46	39	4.9	8.3	90.7
	≥45–<65 years	321	55	8.0	8.3	90.6
	≥65 years	137	69	11.8	8.2	83.5
PIONEER 8	<45 years	43	40	9.5	8.3	88.5
	≥45–<65 years	410	57	13.2	8.2	88.9
	≥65 years	278	70	18.6	8.1	81.1
Race
PIONEER 1	White	262	52	2.4	7.9	93.0
	Black/AA	20	59	3.6	7.6	92.2
	Asian	60	59	7.6	8.0	67.2
PIONEER 2	White	708	58	7.5	8.1	92.1
	Black/AA	59	55	6.9	8.4	97.0
	Asian	49	54	7.3	8.2	77.4
PIONEER 3	White	650	58	8.6	8.2	94.4
	Black/AA	84	56	7.6	8.3	94.9
	Asian	120	57	11.0	8.2	73.4
PIONEER 4	White	519	57	7.5	8.0	98.0
	Black/AA	29	54	8.7	8.1	96.8
	Asian	94	53	8.3	8.0	79.0
PIONEER 7	White	381	57	8.2	8.3	91.8
	Black/AA	47	60	9.9	8.4	91.5
	Asian	72	57	11.8	8.2	71.2
PIONEER 8	White	192	62	13.5	8.2	92.7
	Black/AA	24	59	14.1	8.3	98.6
	Asian	131	59	15.3	8.2	71.0
Ethnicity
PIONEER 1	Hispanic/Latino	97	51	2.5	8.0	85.2
PIONEER 1	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	243	55	3.8	7.9	89.9
PIONEER 2	Hispanic/Latino	199	56	7.9	8.3	85.9
PIONEER 2	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	622	58	7.3	8.1	93.4
PIONEER 3	Hispanic/Latino	168	55	9.0	8.4	84.4
PIONEER 3	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	743	58	8.8	8.2	92.4
PIONEER 4	Hispanic/Latino	40	56	9.6	8.0	86.2
PIONEER 4	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	671	56	7.5	8.0	94.5
PIONEER 7	Hispanic/Latino	105	56	8.7	8.4	86.4
PIONEER 7	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	399	58	8.8	8.3	89.2
PIONEER 8	Hispanic/Latino	55	61	13.0	8.3	82.4
PIONEER 8	Non‐Hispanic/Latino	293	61	14.4	8.2	85.5
Duration of diabetes
PIONEER 1	<5 years	529	53	1.3	7.9	90.9
	≥5–<10 years	108	58	7.1	7.9	82.2
	≥10 years	66	62	15.7	8.0	75.8
PIONEER 2	<5 years	347	54	2.6	8.1	96.3
	≥5–<10 years	274	58	7.4	8.1	90.3
	≥10 years	200	63	15.8	8.2	85.3
PIONEER 3	<5 years	577	54	2.8	8.2	96.5
	≥5–<10 years	687	58	7.5	8.3	91.1
	≥10 years	599	62	15.5	8.3	86.3
PIONEER 4	<5 years	278	54	2.6	7.9	96.5
	≥5–<10 years	238	55	7.5	8.1	95.1
	≥10 years	195	61	14.7	7.9	89.0
PIONEER 5	<5 years	30	69	3.6	7.9	95.4
	≥5–<10 years	82	69	7.5	7.9	92.9
	≥10 years	212	71	18.0	8.0	89.4
PIONEER 7	<5 years	168	53	2.9	8.3	94.6
	≥5–<10 years	153	57	7.4	8.3	88.6
	≥10 years	183	61	15.4	8.3	83.3
PIONEER 8	<5 years	69	55	3.3	8.2	92.1
	≥5–<10 years	145	57	7.8	8.2	87.1
	≥10 years	517	62	18.6	8.2	84.7
Baseline BMI
PIONEER 1	<25 kg/m²	95	61	7.5	8.0	60.6
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	198	56	3.3	8.0	76.1
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	223	54	2.6	8.0	90.3
	≥35 kg/m²	187	50	2.9	7.9	112.3
PIONEER 2	<25 kg/m²	52	58	9.6	8.2	68.0
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	241	60	8.6	8.1	76.6
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	265	58	7.2	8.2	90.6
	≥35 kg/m²	262	56	6.2	8.2	111.0
PIONEER 3	<25 kg/m²	185	61	11.2	8.2	62.8
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	532	60	9.6	8.3	78.1
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	557	58	8.2	8.4	90.7
	≥35 kg/m²	589	55	7.3	8.3	112.6
PIONEER 4	<25 kg/m²	50	58	8.8	7.9	66.0
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	210	58	8.8	8.0	78.7
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	217	56	7.4	7.9	93.5
	≥35 kg/m²	234	55	6.5	8.0	114.2
PIONEER 5	<25 kg/m²	20	74	17.4	7.8	67.6
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	90	72	15.7	7.9	80.8
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	129	71	13.7	8.0	89.2
	≥35 kg/m²	84	67	12.0	8.0	109.7
PIONEER 7	<25 kg/m²	61	62	11.9	8.3	66.3
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	164	60	9.8	8.2	78.4
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	162	56	8.6	8.3	92.0
	≥35 kg/m²	117	54	6.1	8.4	110.0
PIONEER 8	<25 kg/m²	139	62	17.1	8.0	60.8
	≥25–<30 kg/m²	217	62	16.3	8.2	76.5
	≥30–<35 kg/m²	199	60	14.0	8.2	91.2
	≥35 kg/m²	176	59	13.1	8.3	111.3
Baseline HbA1c
PIONEER 1	≤8%	409	55	3.5	7.5	89.0
	>8–≤9%	244	53	3.5	8.5	87.0
	>9%	50	54	3.7	9.3	86.8
PIONEER 2	≤8%	457	59	7.2	7.4	91.3
	>8–≤9%	211	57	7.9	8.5	92.9
	>9%	153	55	7.4	9.7	90.9
PIONEER 3	≤8%	850	59	8.4	7.5	90.6
	>8–≤9%	593	57	8.7	8.5	91.4
	>9%	420	56	8.8	9.7	92.4
PIONEER 4	≤8%	403	57	7.5	7.4	92.8
	>8–≤9%	248	56	7.8	8.5	94.1
	>9%	60	53	7.2	9.3	101.2
PIONEER 5	≤8%	188	71	13.1	7.5	91.5
	>8–≤9%	108	70	15.7	8.5	89.2
	>9%	28	69	13.4	9.3	92.6
PIONEER 7	≤8%	201	58	8.6	7.7	87.3
	>8–≤9%	246	57	8.9	8.5	88.2
	>9%	57	56	8.7	9.4	95.2
PIONEER 8	≤8%	329	62	15.6	7.5	83.6
	>8–≤9%	296	60	14.9	8.5	87.6
	>9%	106	58	13.5	9.3	88.1

Note: PIONEER 5 was not included in the race or ethnicity analyses due to small numbers of patients in some subgroups.

Abbreviations: AA, African American, BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; y, years.