Table 3.

Comparison of the two main IR subtypes.

Type of IR	Hepatic IR	Skeletal Muscle IR
Location	Central	Peripheral
Mechanism	Steatosis of hepatocytes → impaired inhibition of gluconeogenesis, increased glycogenolysis	Steatosis of myocytes → impaired glucose uptake by skeletal muscles
Typical complications	Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) MAFLD	Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Laboratory markers	HOMA, QUICKI	Matsuda index
Specific management	Metformin, low-fat diet	Physical activity, Mediterranean diet