Table 4.
Measurement at baseline and follow‐up (n = 43)
| Baseline (n = 43) | Follow‐up (n = 43) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Haemodynamics | |||
| HR (bpm) | 78 ± 15 | 74 ± 13 | 0.019 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 51 (43–56) | 43 (34–48) | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 52 ± 14 | 42 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Mean RAP (mmHg) | 6 (4–10) | 7 (4–8) | 0.257 |
| CO (L min–1) | 4.5 (3.6–5.4) | 6.1 (4.9–6.9) | <0.001 |
| PVR (Woods unit) | 9.5 (6.6–12.4) | 4.8 (3.7–7.2) | <0.001 |
| Total arterial compliance (mL mmHg–1) | 1.13 (0.83–1.48) | 2.04 (1.45–2.72) | <0.001 |
| Zc (mmHg s mL–1) | 0.12 (0.07–0.18) | 0.08 (0.04–0.12) | 0.046 |
| Wave separation analysis | |||
| PP forward (mmHg) | 45 (30–55) | 36 (25–48) | 0.045 |
| PP backward (mmHg) | 21 (16–25) | 18 (14–24) | 0.090 |
| Reflection index | 0.33 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.251 |
| Time of forward waves (ms) | 189 ± 51 | 212 ± 57 | 0.012 |
| Time% of forward waves (% of systole) | 46.6 ± 9.2 | 50.1 ± 10.4 | 0.059 |
| Time of reflected waves (ms) | 268 (235–321) | 295 (261–401) | 0.010 |
| Time% of reflected waves (% of systole) | 63.7 (57.6–76.9) | 70.7 (63.5–85.1) | 0.017 |
| Proximal arteries | |||
| Area of the main PA (mm2) | 868 (743–1102) | 965 (770–1090) | 0.702 |
| Compliance of the main PA (ml mmHg–1) | 6.8 (4.8–13.7) | 9.1 (6.6–14.8) | 0.006 |
| Estimated wave speed (m s–1) | 13.3 (6.5–21.8) | 9.1 (4.5–15.6) | 0.041 |
| RV function and morphology | |||
| RVEDV/BSA (mL m–2) | 78 (66–87) | 78 (65–90) | 0.496 |
| RVESV/BSA (mL m–2) | 46 (38–63) | 40 (32–52) | 0.001 |
| RVEF (%) | 36 ± 12 | 47 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| RV mass/BSA (g m–2) | 50 ± 12 | 46 ± 14 | 0.008 |
| RV wall tension | |||
| RV‐ESWT (kdyne cm–1) | 218 (179–287) | 203 (154–257) | 0.021 |
| RV‐EDWT (kdyne cm–1) | 99 (68–117) | 76 (52–99) | 0.080 |
| RVESP (mmHg) | 44 (41–54) | 45 (38–56) | 0.114 |
| RVEDP (mmHg) | 17 (13–22) | 15 (10–18) | 0.082 |
Data are presented as the mean, mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; HR, heart rate; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; CO, cardiac output; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; Zc, characteristic impedance of the proximal artery; RVEDV, right ventricle end‐diastolic volume; BSA, body surface area; RVESV, right ventricle end‐systolic volume; RVEF, right ventricle ejection fraction; RV‐ESWT, right ventricular end‐systolic wall tension; RV‐EDWT, right ventricular end‐diastolic wall tension; RVESP, RV end‐systolic pressure; RVEDP, RV end‐diastolic pressure.